ReviewDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025
Estimated glucose disposal rate and risk of cardiovascular events in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Estimated glucose disposal rate and cardiovascular disease risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Preclinical carotid atherosclerosis is independently associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in type 1 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Type 1 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk: The Current Management Strategies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Association between triglyceride-glucose index and diabetic kidney disease in adults with type 1 diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Sudomotor dysfunction reflects early atherosclerosis risk in adults with type 1 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association of estimated glucose disposal rate with erectile dysfunction: mediating role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.Food & nutrition research · 2026Article
- The association between estimated glucose disposal rate and self-reported diabetic retinopathy: evidence from two independent cohorts and machine learning.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association of insulin resistance-related indicators with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease mortality in individuals with MASLD: a population-based study.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- The relationship between estimated glucose disposal rate and sarcopenia among middle-aged and older adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A nonlinear, causal link between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and prolactin in type 2 diabetes: Evidence from clinical and Mendelian randomization analyses.Metabolism open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with insulin resistance (IR) increasingly recognized as a key contributor. The estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a surrogate marker of insulin sensitivity, has been proposed as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in T1DM. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between eGDR and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted through March 6, 2025, to identify studies reporting multivariable-adjusted risk estimates linking eGDR with cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with T1DM. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using random-effects models with the Paule-Mandel method and Knapp-Hartung adjustment. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore potential effect modifiers, and leave-one-out (LOO) sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of findings.
resultsSixteen studies comprising 29,075 individuals with T1DM were included. Higher eGDR was significantly associated with lower risk of MACE and all-cause mortality, with hazard ratios per unit increase of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72-0.87; I² = 63%) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.82-0.86; I² = 0%), respectively. Lower eGDR was also associated with increased risk of CAD (low vs. high eGDR: HR 3.61; 95% CI: 2.83-4.62; I² = 0%). Subgroup analyses suggested a stronger protective association between eGDR and MACE among older individuals (≥ 40 years), those with BMI < 25 kg/m², and those with longer diabetes duration (≥ 20 years). LOO sensitivity analyses showed that CAD was the only outcome influenced by exclusion of the largest study.
conclusionsLower eGDR is consistently associated with increased risk of MACE, CAD, and all-cause mortality in individuals with T1DM. These findings support the utility of eGDR as a practical, non-invasive marker for cardiovascular risk stratification in this high-risk population.
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