Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40841753›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

How time and risk preferences affect glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients.

Suparee W Boonmanunt, Oraluck Pattanaprateep, Hataikarn Nimitphong, Unyaporn Suthutvoravut, Panu Looareesuwan, Taya Kitiyakara, Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul, Gareth McKay, John Attia, Ammarin Thakkinstian

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Suparee W BoonmanuntDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Oraluck PattanaprateepDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. oraluck.pat@mahidol.ac.th.
Hataikarn NimitphongDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Unyaporn SuthutvoravutDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Panu LooareesuwanDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Taya KitiyakaraDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Boonsong OngphiphadhanakulDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Gareth McKayCentre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
John AttiaSchool of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Locked Bag 1000, New Lambton, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
Ammarin ThakkinstianDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.

Funding

Mahidol University RGNS 64-173Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (OPS MHESI), Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) RGNS 64-173
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The attitude to self-care of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is commonly influenced by their time preferences (i.e., long-run discounting and time-consistency), and/or risk preference (i.e., risk tolerance). Tailored preference-based self-care management may improve clinical and cost-effectiveness. This study investigates associations between elicited time and risk preferences with diabetes-related outcomes, i.e., Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose level. Time and risk preferences of 396 T2D patients were measured by incentivized tasks. Clinical data was retrieved from hospital information systems for diabetes outcomes (HbA1c and blood glucose levels) and clinical factors. We assessed patient diabetes-associated self-care behaviors and other epidemiological factors by questionnaire. Multivariate linear regressions with stepwise model selection were used to evaluate potential associations with T2D outcomes. We found that participants who favored immediate gratification over greater long-term benefits (time-inconsistent towards present or present-biased) had significantly higher HbA1c levels than time-consistent participants, with a coefficient (95% CI) of 0.41 (0.02,0.80). Neither time nor risk preferences were significantly associated with blood glucose levels. These findings suggest the use of tailored diabetes interventions to help present-biased patients overcome self-control problems. This targeted approach may be more cost-effective but requires formal testing.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlPatient PreferenceAdultAgedFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedSelf CareSurveys and QuestionnairesTime FactorsBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHbA1cPresent biasRisk preferenceTime consistencyTime preferenceType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40841753
PMCPMC12370964

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.