ArticleScientific reports2025
Inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 prevents murine miscarriage by inducing appropriate inflammation.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- HDAC1 and SATB1 positively regulate immune responses in chicken macrophages.Poultry science · 2026Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
IL-18 is a unique cytokine that exerts both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the surrounding environments. Excessive inflammation in the feto-maternal interface is thought to result in the onset of miscarriage and preterm birth, but much is unknown about the function of IL-18 in pregnancy. Here, we report the protective role of IL-18 in pregnancy using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine miscarriage models. Whereas a low dose (1 µg) of LPS injection in pregnant mice did not induce miscarriages, the additional injection of anti-IL-18 neutralizing antibody (IL-18 nAb) resulted in a significant increase in abortion rates among the pregnant mice. Under these conditions, multiple T-cell subsets and natural killer cells produced significantly lower levels of the type 1 cytokine IFN-γ and the type 2 cytokine IL-4. The miscarriage induced by the low-dose LPS along with the IL-18 nAb was improved by the supplementation of IFN-γ and IL-4. Furthermore, the main source of IL-18 production was found to be the myometrium rather than macrophages. These results indicated that IL-18, which was initially thought to have a harmful effect on the maintenance of pregnancy, has a protective role in miscarriage against minor stimulation by pathogens with modulating immune homeostasis.
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