Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40841421›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Ethnomedicinal documentation of plants used for gastrointestinal disorders in Sahiwal District Pakistan.

Nidaa Harun, Muhammad Waheed, Syeda Sitwat Rubab, Madeeha Arshad, Shiekh Marifatul Haq, Fahim Arshad, Syeda Maryam Hussain, Imrana Bukhari, Muhammad Shoaib, Kaneez Fatima and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Nidaa HarunDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan.
Muhammad WaheedDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan. f19-phd-bot-5013@uo.edu.pk.
Syeda Sitwat RubabDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan.
Madeeha ArshadDepartment of Zoology, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Shiekh Marifatul HaqDepartment of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Fahim ArshadDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan. fahim.arshad@uo.edu.pk.
Syeda Maryam HussainDepartment of Livestock Management and Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
Imrana BukhariDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan.
Muhammad ShoaibDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan.
Kaneez FatimaDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56130, Pakistan.
Rainer W BussmannDepartment of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Abeer HashemDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Adel M Al-SaifDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Elsayed Fathi Abd-AllahDepartment of Plant Production, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gastrointestinal tract is regarded as vulnerable due to frequent exposure to a variety of foods. Diarrhea, ulcers, constipation, and parasitic infections are considered to be the most prevalent disorders worldwide. The present study was conducted in the District Sahiwal to appraise the local flora for the treatment of a diverse range of gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) for the first time. The interviews of 125 respondents were conducted during August 2021-January 2022 via a semi-structured questionnaire. Floristic analysis yielded a total of 73 plant species in 65 genera and 35 families. Fabaceae (n = 9), Cucurbitaceae (n = 5), Apiaceae (n = 5), Malvaceae (n = 5), and Moraceae (n = 5) were observed as the most prominent ethnomedicinal families. The gastrointestinal disorders were categorized into diarrhea, dysentery, stomach burn, abdominal pain, constipation, ulcer, intestinal problems, indigestion and stomachache. The maximum times reported gastrointestinal category was indigestion and stomachache (Informant Consensus Factor = 0.69.). Most of the plants were herbs (50%) and wildly (52%) available in this region. Local people prefer to use their leaves (43%) in the form of decoction or powder (37%). Quantitative data analysis reported Cymbopogon citrates and Musa paradisiaca most utilized medicinal taxa (Used value = 2.25). Furthermore, the study documented two new medicinal species i.e. Alstonia scholaris and Gardenia jasminoides, that were never been identified GID ethnopharmacology. These medicinal plants play a vital role in the development of our pharmaceutical industry for the better livelihoods of future generations. Documenting medicinal flora that was used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in district Sahiwal would be helpful in the development of low-cost, effective, safe, and appropriate medications against gastrointestinal disorders.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal DiseasesMedicine, TraditionalPlants, MedicinalAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPakistanPhytotherapySurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultGastrointestinal disordersInformant consensus factorMedicinal plantsRelative importanceSahiwal districtUsed value

Identifiers

PMID40841421
PMCPMC12370920

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.