ArticleScientific reports2025
Elemental and micromorphological analysis of ion releasing restoration/carious dentin interface.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of metal ion retention in tooth structure following the removal of dental amalgam restorations: an ex vivo study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Microbial Composition of Carious Dentin and the Impact of Minimally Invasive Excavation Techniques: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microhardness Recovery and Micromorphology of Demineralized Dentin Restored with Modified Glass Hybrid Material.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of incorporation of tricalcium silicate to a universal adhesive on microtensile bond strength to dentin and micromorphological patterns of tooth/restoration interface.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mineralization effect of ion-releasing fiber-reinforced composite in teeth with molar-incisor hypomineralization.Biomaterial investigations in dentistry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate elemental analysis and micromorphological patterns at the interfaces between tooth substrates either sound or demineralized dentin and ion-releasing restorations, including conventional glass ionomer and ion-releasing composite. The evaluation was conducted immediately (after 24 h) and after six months of artificial saliva storage. A total of 48 sound human premolars were used in this study. The premolars were randomly divided into two groups based on substrate type: sound and demineralized dentin (n = 24). Each substrate group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to restoration type: a conventional glass ionomer (Equia Forte HT) and an ion-releasing composite (ACTIVA-Bioactive Restorative) (n = 12). Each restoration subgroup was further divided according to aging condition: whether tested immediately after 24 h or after storage for six months in artificial saliva (n = 6). Specimens were sectioned buccolingually and longitudinally into two halves. For elemental analysis, one-half of each sectioned specimen was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Four elements (Ca, P, Al, and Si) were specifically examined at three different sites: dentin, hybrid layer, and restoration. For micromorphological patterns, two representative specimens from the second half of sectioned teeth were randomly selected to be observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). EDX data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no statistically significant differences in distribution of the four elements across different tooth substrates or aging times. However, significant differences were observed based on the site factor. SEM micrographs revealed an ion-exchange zone in aged Equia Forte specimens and crystal-like structure deposition in artificially carious dentin bonded to ACTIVA. It has been concluded that both conventional glass ionomer restorative material and ion-releasing composite highlighted their bioactive behavior by demonstrating their potential ability to remineralize the demineralized dentin, reinforcing their promise as effective restorative options for dentin remineralization.
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