ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2026
Eye Movement Abnormalities During the Gaze Perception Task in Individuals With Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Discriminant Analysis With Hidden Markov Models.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mentalizing impairments across 11 psychiatric conditions: A transdiagnostic systematic review and network meta-analysis of tasks with static illustrations.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Eye Movement Patterns as Robust Biomarkers for Schizophrenia Identification Using a Novel Data Transformation Approach.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSocial cognitive impairments were well-documented in schizophrenia and individuals with clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). While eye movement abnormalities during gaze perception in schizophrenia have been suggested, such understanding in individuals with CHR is limited. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND
participantsThis study recruited 36 CHR individuals and 50 healthy controls (HC) to perform a gaze perception task with eye-tracking techniques analyzed with hidden Markov models for predictability and pattern recognition. Eye movement variables and behavioral responses, self-referential gaze perception (SRGP) rates, were compared between groups and examined with discriminant analyses. Associations between eye movements and SRGP rates with multiple symptom dimensions and social functioning were examined.
resultsResults indicated that CHR group displayed nose-focused (vs eye-focused) and erratic eye movement patterns compared to HC. The combination of behavioral and eye movement variables exhibited a discriminatory ability of 0.893 area under the curve (AUC) in classifying CHR and HC, significantly outperforming models using either SRGP rates (AUC = 0.824) or eye movement variables (AUC = 0.781) alone. The combined model achieved high sensitivity (0.861) and specificity (0.820), with eyes-nose scale, fixation duration, and ambiguous SRGP rate emerging as the most discriminative features. Self-referential gaze perception rates were primarily associated with schizotypy and social anxiety, while eye movement patterns were mainly associated with delusional ideations and social functioning. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study comprehensively examined eye movement patterns during gaze perception in CHR and their associations with clinical manifestations, suggesting the potential of visual attention patterns as both diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the CHR population.
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