Trial reportPloS one2025
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation using a commercially available device on gait in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait.
Trial report in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGait disturbance is one of the most disabling symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, freezing of gait (FOG) is a major cause of falls and significantly impairs the activities of daily living. Neither drug therapy nor current neuromodulation therapy are effective against FOG in most patients, so the development of new treatments is needed. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis pilot study investigated the effects and safety of neuromodulation by single session anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the cerebral cortex (supplementary motor area [SMA] or primary motor cortex [M1]) on gait in PD patients with FOG. We purposely used a commercially available tDCS device (Halo Sport 2; Halo Neuroscience, San Francisco, CA, USA) that patients can use themselves. This single arm, open label, sham-controlled study enrolled 20 advanced PD patients who complained of FOG.
resultsAnalysis of the 30-second walking distance, which was the primary endpoint, and the 10-m natural walking and 360-degree rotation tests showed that neither SMA nor M1 stimulation had a superior effect compared to sham stimulation. On the other hand, only SMA stimulation showed a significant improvement in the required time and the number of steps in the Timed Up and Go test compared to sham stimulation (p < 0.05).
conclusionsThese results suggest that tDCS to the SMA using a commercially available device may improve the actual walking ability of PD patients with FOG.
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