Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40839162›Full record

ArticleOral radiology2026

The Sivan three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography volumetric imaging protocol: a novel dual-mode rendering technique for integrated visualization of temporomandibular joint disc and osseous structures to evaluate temporomandibular joint disorders.

Sivan Sathish, Ankita Jain

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Oral radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Sivan SathishDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244001, India. sivansathishmfds@yahoo.co.in.ORCID 0009-0009-7165-7126
Ankita JainDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244001, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTemporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) require precise imaging of both osseous and soft-tissue components for accurate diagnosis. Current diagnostic protocols often necessitate separate cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, increasing cost, complexity, and patient burden. This study aimed to develop and validate the Sivan 3D CBCT Volumetric Imaging Protocol, a novel post-processing technique designed to enable simultaneous high-resolution visualization of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc, retrodiscal tissue, and adjacent osseous structures using a single CBCT data set.

methodsThis retrospective study analyzed anonymized CBCT volumes from 42 patients diagnosed with TMD. The data sets were processed using NNT software, incorporating dual-mode volumetric rendering, voxel intensity modulation, and anisotropic filtering. Fifteen expert raters assessed conventional CBCT, enhanced CBCT, and MR images across eight diagnostic parameters using a 5-point Likert scale. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc test, and Cohen's d effect size analysis.

resultsEnhanced CBCT images showed excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.95) and significantly outperformed conventional CBCT and MRI in visualizing both soft and hard TMJ structures (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes (Cohen's d > 2.3), especially for disc and retrodiscal tissue delineation.

conclusionsThe Sivan 3D CBCT Volumetric Imaging Protocol provides a robust, single-modality alternative to MRI for comprehensive TMJ evaluation, improving diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility in clinical settings with limited MRI availability.

Indexed as

Cone-Beam Computed TomographyImaging, Three-DimensionalTemporomandibular Joint DiscTemporomandibular Joint DisordersAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective Studies3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)Dual-mode renderingSoft-tissue visualizationTemporomandibular joint (TMJ)TMJ disc

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.