ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2025
Maternal and placental galectins: key players in the feto-maternal symbiotic tango.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Embryonic Mediators of Embryo-Uterus Communication, Implantation and Pregnancy.Molecular reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Insights into Reproductive Immunology and Placental Pathology, 2nd Edition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Abnormal Galectin Signaling in the Pathomechanisms of Placental Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Expression Levels and Significance of Gal-1 in Peripheral Blood and Placental Tissues of Pregnant Women with Fetal Growth Restriction.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Immune microenvironment dynamics in pregnant patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases: mechanisms, challenges, and clinical significance.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- GalNAc in vaginal secretions: a potential non-invasive risk indicator associated with the risk of premature rupture of membranes.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, are critical in regulating feto-maternal interactions during pregnancy. Their evolutionary trajectory is reflected in their expression patterns and diverse functions in embryo implantation, trophoblast invasion, and maternal immune and vascular adaptation, contributing to healthy placentation and uncomplicated pregnancy. Galectin-1 (gal-1), one of the most ancient galectins, plays a pivotal role in feto-maternal immune regulation, acting predominantly from the maternal side to promote immune tolerance, a function integrated early in placental mammalian evolution. In contrast, anthropoid primates introduced a unique set of fetal (placental) galectins (gal-13, gal-14, and gal-16) through birth-and-death evolution, with these genes localized on human chromosome 19. Notably, these primate species have evolved varying degrees of deep placentation, with humans exhibiting the deepest, which facilitates enhanced nutrient delivery to the fetus, particularly for brain development. Placental galectins have been implicated in the evolution of immune tolerance mechanisms that support deep placentation. During pregnancy, reduced expression of maternal galectins (e.g., gal-1) and placental galectins (e.g., gal-13) has been associated with severe obstetric complications, signaling disruptions in feto-maternal tolerance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of gal-1, gal-13, gal-14, and gal-16, highlighting their shared and unique roles in maternal and placental immune regulation and placental development. Additionally, the review explores the potential of maternal versus placental galectins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve diagnostic and treatment strategies for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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