Observational studyTranslational vision science & technology2025
Advanced Analysis Tools for Two Wavelength Autofluorescence Imaging of Macular Xanthophyll Carotenoids: ALSTAR2 Baseline.
Observational study in Translational vision science & technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04112667 (Functionally Validated Structural Endpoints for Early AMD), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Functionally Validated Structural Endpoints for Early AMD
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Topographically Resolved Macular Pigment Optical Density Is Associated with Disease Progression in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Macular Pigment and Retinal Reflectance in a Feasibility Study of Multiple Sclerosis: Toward Novel Biomarkers of Hidden Disease Processes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Observational
- Xanthophyll Carotenoid Intake, Plasma Levels, and Retinal Visualization in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To allow exploration of xanthophyll carotenoids in vision and age-related macular degeneration progression using two-wavelength autofluorescence imaging for macular pigment optical density (MPOD), we developed tools for automatically centering and classifying the MPOD distribution pattern. Methods: A subset of the ALSTAR2 baseline cohort (NCT04112667) and 44 eyes of adults aged 20 to 30 years with healthy maculas were imaged with optical coherence tomography and two-wavelength autofluorescence (MPOD module, Heidelberg Engineering). Images underwent a quality review. Two custom FIJI plugins centered the MPOD distribution by five algorithms (FOVEA, HILLCLIMB, CENTROID, MAX, CONTOUR). Others automatically classified spatial distributions into four patterns from Obana et al: Peak, Ring, Mixed, and Dip. Results: Of 651 qualifying aged eyes and 44 young eyes, the HILLCLIMB and CONTOUR methods best agreed with a manually determined foveal center. Regarding spatial distribution pattern, 445 aged eyes (68.4%) showed peaks, 118 (18.1%) rings, 41 (6.3%) mixed, and 47 (7.2%) dips. In young eyes, 40 (90%) showed peaks, 1 (2.3%) rings, 3 (6.8%) mixed, and none showed dips. Notably, peaks were significantly (P < 0.001) more prominent in men (74.1%) than women (65.0%) and pseudophakic (72.7%) than phakic (62.9%) eyes. Conclusions: Automatic tools for MPOD centration are reliable and robust. Future studies will use the HILLCLIMB and CONTOUR algorithms. Translational Relevance: Automated MPOD pattern assignment suggests that the spatial distribution of MPOD varies with gender, lens status, and possibly age. Our analytic software can be applied to large samples for studies of xanthophyll carotenoid impact on vision and age-related macular degeneration progression.
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Registered trials
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