ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Nano-biochar regulates phage-host interactions, reducing antibiotic resistance genes in vermicomposting systems.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Viral modulation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria drives organic carbon sink formation during primary succession in deglaciating ecosystems.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Advancements in Technologies Targeting Horizontal Gene TransferRoutes to Control Drug Resistance Evolution.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2026Review
- Article
- Phages drive the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes by facilitating host adaptation to heavy metal stress.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Cigarette Butts as an Emerging Urban Habitat Driving Microbial Niche Differentiation.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Biochar amendment reshapes microbial community dynamics in vermicomposting, but the mechanism of how phages respond to this anthropogenic intervention and regulate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remains unclear. In this study, we used metagenomics, viromics, and laboratory validation to explore how nano-biochar affects phage-host interactions and ARGs dissemination in vermicomposting. Our results revealed distinct niche-specific phage life strategies. In vermicompost, lytic phages dominated and used a "kill-the-winner" strategy to suppress antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). In contrast, lysogenic phages prevailed in the earthworm gut, adopting a "piggyback-the-winner" strategy that promoted ARGs transduction through mutualistic host interactions. Nano-biochar induced the conversion of lysogenic to lytic phages in the earthworm gut, while concurrently reducing the abundance of lysogenic phages and their encoded auxiliary metabolic genes carried by ARB. This shift disrupted phage-host mutualism and inhibited ARGs transmission via a "phage shunting" mechanism. In vitro validation with batch culture experiments further confirmed that lysogenic phages increased transduction of ARGs in the earthworm gut, while nano-biochar reduced the spread of ARGs by enhancing lysis infectivity. Our study constructs a mechanistic framework linking nano-biochar induced shifts in phage lifestyles that suppress ARG spread, offering insights into phage-host coadaptation and resistance mitigation strategies in organic waste treatment ecosystems.
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