ArticlePreventive medicine reports2025
The impact of theory-based educational interventions: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing face-to-face, mobile-based, and control approaches on pap smear acceptance.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Improving cervical cancer screening uptake through theory-informed education: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of face-to-face and mobile-based educational interventions, grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM), in promoting Pap smear acceptance. Methods: A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among 135 women attending urban health centers under the supervision of the Zanjan Health Center in Alborz, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: face-to-face education, mobile-based education via Telegram, and a control group receiving no immediate intervention. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA (RMANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to adjust for confounding factors. The data collection period spanned from November 1, 2023, to September 5, 2024. Results: Both face-to-face and mobile-based interventions significantly improved awareness and HBM constructs compared to the control group. The mobile-based group demonstrated the greatest increase in perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy immediately post-intervention. Behavioral intention and actual Pap smear uptake also showed significant improvement in the intervention groups. However, perceived barriers did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions: Theory-based educational interventions-especially mobile-based strategies-effectively promote Pap smear acceptance. Their accessibility supports national screening efforts and aligns with global policies aimed at reducing disparities. Integrating mobile education into public health programs may enhance coverage and improve preventive outcomes.
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