Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40838084›Full record

ArticleAJPM focus2025

Assessment of Restaurant Beverage Offerings on Children's Menus in New Orleans and Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Lisa P Hofmann, Yin Wang, Melissa Fuster, Charles Stoecker, Elizabeth Gollub, Megan Knapp

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AJPM focus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Restaurant Advertising Expenditure Patterns in US Counties by Race, Ethnicity, and Income.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lisa P HofmannDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Yin WangDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Tulane University Cecilia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Melissa FusterDepartment of Social Behavioral and Population Sciences, Tulane University Cecilia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Charles StoeckerDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Tulane University Cecilia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Elizabeth GollubSchool of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Megan KnappDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Funding

Xavier RCMI Renewal Application-Research Infrastructure CoreU54MD007595 · NIMHD · XAVIER UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI Megan Knapp · 2019 to 2026
$41.9M
PROJECT PATHWAYS: STUDENT TRAINING CORETL4GM118968 · NIGMS · XAVIER UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI FOROOZESH, MARYAM, GIGUETTE, MARGUERITE · 2015 to 2023
$9.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS TL4 GM118968NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD007595
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood obesity and related health consequences are associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and present significant health challenges in the U.S., particularly among minoritized and low-income populations. Louisiana, with some of the highest obesity and cardiometabolic disease rates in the U.S., exemplifies these concerns. Dining out increases sugar-sweetened beverage intake and underscores the need for interventions. Methods: This observational study examines the proportion of restaurants offering beverages with children's meals on printed and QR code menus, the types of beverages they offer, and correlates of offering these beverages across 287 restaurants in New Orleans, Louisiana, before its healthy default beverage policy was implemented and in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, which does not have a healthy default beverage policy. On-site environmental assessments were conducted in restaurants offering children's menus. Results: Only 14.6% of restaurants with children's meals offered only healthy default beverage options, 39.4% offered sugar-sweetened beverages, and 46% did not specify children's beverages on their menus. Logistic regression analysis indicated that restaurants categorized as fast food, affiliated with a chain, or offering children's meals with age restrictions were significantly more likely to include beverages in their children's meals. Furthermore, chain and fast-food restaurants were more likely than fast-casual restaurants to include only healthy default beverages on the children's menus. Conclusions: Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader discourse on improving nutritional environments in restaurant settings and underscores the need for evidence-based interventions to mitigate the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on childhood obesity and health outcomes. The findings provide a foundation for future studies evaluating the effectiveness of healthy default beverage policies.

Indexed as

Health policyHealthy default beveragesRestaurants

Identifiers

PMID40838084
PMCPMC12362076

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.