ReviewThe World Allergy Organization journal2025
Updating the classification and routine diagnosis of NSAID hypersensitivity reactions: A WAO Statement.
Review in The World Allergy Organization journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity to Antiplatelet Drugs: EAACI Position Paper.Allergy · 2025Pooled it
- Under the Drapes: Unmasking the Mechanisms and Clinical Diagnosis of Perioperative Hypersensitivity.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Integrated Immune, Epithelial and Lipid Pathways in NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Review
- Biomarker Research in NSAID Hypersensitivity: A Scoping Review and Evidence Map.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cross-Reactivity and Cross-Intolerance Among Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Clinical Patterns, COX-1-Mediated Mechanisms, and Implications for COX-2 Inhibitors and Paracetamol.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Contributions of Pharmacovigilance to the Understanding of Risks Associated with Ibuprofen: Descriptive and Disproportionality Analysis Using FAERS Data.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Suspected NIUAA after indobufen in a patient with ibuprofen allergy: a case report suggesting possible cross-reactivity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- IL-5/IL-5R blockade enables safe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent reintroduction in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory exacerbated respiratory disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Biologic therapies targeting type 2 inflammation in NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
54 authors.
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Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been classified as immediate (or acute) and delayed. Immediate reactions can be further classified into 4 clinical types: NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD), NSAID-exacerbated cutaneous disease (NECD), NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema (NIUA), and single NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema/anaphylaxis (SNIUAA). Specifically, the NIUA type references reactions to ≥2 NSAIDs belonging to different chemical groups, involving urticaria and/or angioedema in patients with no underlying chronic spontaneous urticaria. However, there are patients meeting cross-reactive criteria for NIUA phenotype who report reactions that involve 2 organ systems (eg, cutaneous and respiratory; cutaneous and gastrointestinal) and have been termed "blended". In pediatrics, this type of reaction is recognized and has been termed NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema/anaphylaxis (NIUAA), an acronym we suggest be extended now to adults. There are small subgroups of N-ERD patients who also report skin symptoms and, alternatively, NECD patients who report respiratory symptoms. These 2 subgroups could be diagnosed as having mixed N-ERD and mixed NECD, respectively. In fact, they are patients suffering from N-ERD or NECD who have had reactions consistent with anaphylaxis. In the current classifications of NSAID hypersensitivity, the reactions in which NSAIDs act as aggravating factors or cofactors in subjects with sensitization to foods are not included. Recently, this type of reactions has been defined as NSAID-exacerbated food allergy (NEFA) and NSAID-induced food allergy (NIFA), respectively. This Statement of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) aims to update both the classification of hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs and their diagnosis, addressing the novel issues.
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