Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40837704›Full record

ArticleRegenerative biomaterials2025

Magnesium phosphate functionalized graphene oxide and PLGA composite matrices with enhanced mechanical and osteogenic properties for bone regeneration.

Taraje Whitfield, Fatemeh S Hosseini, Jason D Orlando, Chenyun Deng, Kevin W-H Lo, Ho-Man Kan, Debolina Ghosh, Stefanie A Sydlik, Cato T Laurencin

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Article in Regenerative biomaterials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Taraje WhitfieldThe Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Fatemeh S HosseiniThe Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Jason D OrlandoDepartment of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Chenyun DengDepartment of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5376-4682
Kevin W-H LoThe Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Ho-Man KanThe Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Debolina GhoshThe Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Stefanie A SydlikDepartment of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Cato T LaurencinThe Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-3047

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bone defects affect millions of people annually, making bone tissue of particular interest for developing treatments. Current strategies for healing suffer drawbacks. Regenerative engineering seeks to achieve efficient bone regeneration by utilizing synthetic bone grafts to evade these drawbacks. One material that offers such benefits is a class of functional graphenic material, known as Phosphate Graphenes. While many of our studies have focused on Calcium Phosphate Graphene, magnesium is also osteogenic. Therefore, in this study, we utilized regenerative engineering techniques to incorporate Magnesium Phosphate Graphene (MgPG) into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to fabricate composite microsphere-based matrices as a potential synthetic bone graft. Employing different amounts of MgPG within PLGA matrices, we studied the effect of MgPG on the morphological, structural, physical and biological characteristics. MgPG-containing matrices demonstrated great mechanical strength, hydrophilicity and degradability without compromising matrix morphology. Because MgPG is a graphene oxide derivative with magnesium and phosphate ions capable of supporting bone healing as inducerons, we next evaluated the cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of these PLGA/MgPG composite matrices. MgPG matrices demonstrated high cell viability and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells as well as increased osteogenic activity reported by alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition and gene expression of Col1a1, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein and Sp7. Lastly, we investigated the gene expression profile of markers/targets of the canonical β-catenin dependent Wnt signaling pathway with and without inhibitor DKK1 to understand the potential underlying mechanism behind the enhanced osteogenic potential of MgPG. In response to MgPG, gene expression of β-catenin increased, while protein expression of BMP-2 and WISP-1 also increased. These results suggest the influence of MgPG on the Wnt pathway in relation to osteogenic differentiation. With further study, MgPG matrices may provide practical solutions to the problem of effectively regenerating critical-sized bone defects, which remains a challenge in orthopaedics.

Indexed as

bone regenerationgraphene oxideinduceronmagnesium phosphateWnt/β-catenin

Identifiers

PMID40837704
PMCPMC12364435

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