Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: Case report and literature review.

In this study, we evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a 44-year-old woman with leiomyomatosis peritoneal disseminata (LPD), who presented with a progressively enlarging lower abdominal mass, persistent distension, and intermittent pain several months after subtotal hysterectomy for multiple uterine tracts. MRI revealed multiple lesions below the pancreatic head, in the lower abdomen, and on abdominopelvic organ surface. The most significant lesion was located in the lower abdomen, with poorly defined boundaries relative to the anterior abdominal wall, suggesting close proximity to the peritoneum. The lesion showed heterogenous MRI signals, raising suspicion of malignancy. The diagnosis was supported by imaging features, late childbearing age, and prior leiomyoma surgery. These findings show that MRI provides distinct imaging characteristics that are valuable for LPD diagnosis, which can be validated by correlating radiological features with clinical history. This emphasizes the importance of the diagnosing LPD history and integrating imaging and patient background information to accurately identify this rare condition.