Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40836832›Full record

ArticleHealth promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals2025

Paid Social Media Advertising on Vaping in Australia: A Descriptive Study Using Meta Ad Library.

Xiao Li, Robyn Gillespie, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Lisa Gaye Smithers

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Paid Social Media Advertising on Vaping in Australia: A Descriptive Study Using Meta Ad Library.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xiao LiSchool of Social Sciences, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-8734
Robyn GillespieSchool of Social Sciences, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
Alberto Nettel-AguirreSchool of Social Sciences, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
Lisa Gaye SmithersSchool of Social Sciences, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

issue addressedThis study investigated how various advertisers engage in vaping-related marketing on social media, with a focus on message stance, audience targeting and advertising strategies, using data from the Meta Ad Library. This is particularly relevant given the growing concern around vaping among young people and recent policy reforms in Australia.

methodsWe analysed vaping-related advertisements from Meta platforms between May 7, 2018 and July 31, 2024. Keyword searches identified relevant advertisements. Descriptive statistics were applied to the number of impressions, spending, duration, year posted, audience size and platform distribution, with advertisers classified into government, politicians/political groups, non-governmental organisations (NGOs)/universities, commercial entities, news sources and undisclosed groups.

resultsA total of 861 advertisements were identified. After duplicates and non-vaping related advertisements were removed, 394 were included in the final analysis. Of the anti-vaping messages (n = 269), 37% were posted by NGOs/universities and 35% by politicians/political groups, while pro-vaping messages (n = 87) primarily originated from commercial entities (44%) and undisclosed groups (47%). Anti-vaping campaigns had higher audience reach, targeted all ages and spending varied widely compared with pro-vaping messages, which predominantly targeted the 18-34 age group.

conclusionsThe advertisers of pro- and anti-vaping messages on social media differ in their expenditure and demographic targeting. Commercial entities were still able to post pro-vaping content despite Meta's advertising restrictions. SO WHAT?: These findings offer timely insights for health promotion practitioners and policymakers. Better understanding of paid social media advertising practices can inform the development of more targeted, transparent and effective digital health campaigns.

Indexed as

AdvertisingSocial MediaVapingAustraliaHealth PromotionHumansE‐cigaretteMetapolicysocial mediavaping

Identifiers

PMID40836832
PMCPMC12368571

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.