ArticleBMC geriatrics2025
Healthy lifestyle, multimorbidity and all-cause mortality among older people: a retrospective cohort study based on CLHLS 2005-2018.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Association of Diet and Lifestyle Factors With Quality of Life and Self-Rated Health in Older Adults: The Loma Linda Longevity Study.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Article
- Interactive effects of green-space exposure and air pollution on cardiovascular disease risk: a study based on the CHARLS and CLHLS databases.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Mental health implications in the older adults of internet access in China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundUnhealthy lifestyles and multimorbidity are major determinants of adverse health outcomes in later life. However, the potential benefits of adhering to a healthy lifestyle among older people with multimorbidity remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the independent and joint associations of healthy lifestyle, multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality risk.
methodsWe used data from the 2005-2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), including participants aged 60 years and older. Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) was constructed based on five modifiable factors: body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and dietary intake. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more chronic conditions. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to assess the associations between healthy lifestyle, multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality, with stratified analyses by age, sex, and urban-rural residence.
resultsA total of 21,418 participants were included, with 15,113 deaths recorded over a median follow-up of 3.44 years (IQR 1.90-6.77). The age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate was 149.19 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 147.90-150.49). Among the lifestyle factors, physical activity showed the strongest association with reduced mortality (HR
conclusionsAdherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality in older people, especially among those with multimorbidity.
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