Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40836213›Full record

ArticleBMC neuroscience2025

Hybrid molecule SA-10 and its PLGA nanosuspension protect human and rodent retinal ganglion cells against neuronal injury.

Jennifer H Pham, Wei Zhang, Kim-Tuyen T Le, Bindu Kodati, Charles E Amankwa, Biddut DebNath, Gretchen A Johnson, Thien T Bui, Rachel Y Gitter, Jonah P Gutierrez and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Jennifer H PhamDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Wei ZhangDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Kim-Tuyen T LeDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Bindu KodatiNorth Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Charles E AmankwaNorth Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Biddut DebNathNorth Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Gretchen A JohnsonDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Thien T BuiTexas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Rachel Y GitterTexas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Jonah P GutierrezDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Brendon R HatfieldThe University of Texas, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
Rojan SatyalPaul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science, Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
Ella R SinnottGeorge Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
Raghu R KrishnamoorthyNorth Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Suchismita AcharyaNorth Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. suchismita.acharya@unthsc.edu.
Dorota L StankowskaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. dorota.stankowska@unthsc.edu.

Funding

Sex differences in in vitro and in vivo glaucoma models may predict gender specific dose adjustment needsR01EY029823 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR · PI ACHARYA, SUCHISMITA, STANKOWSKA, DOROTA LUIZA · 2020 to 2024
$2.0M
NEI NIH HHS EY029823NEI NIH HHS R01 EY029823
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlaucoma is a leading cause of blindness characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. SA-10, a dual-acting compound with ROS scavenging and NO-donating properties, was evaluated to enhance RGC survival and function in models of oxidative stress, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and neurotrophic factor (NF) deprivation.

methodsSA-10-loaded nanoparticles (SA-10-NP) with a size of 279.6 ± 20.9 nm, polydispersity index of 0.34, and encapsulation efficiency of 80.6% were synthesized and tested for sustained release over 28 days. I/R injury was induced by elevating intraocular pressure to 120 mmHg for 60 min in C57BL/6J mice, followed by SA-10-NP treatment (1% w/v). Retinal ganglion cell function and survival were evaluated using PERG and PVEP. Oxidative stress in primary RGCs and retinal explants was induced using endothelin-3 (ET-3), and the effects of SA-10 (10 µM) on ROS levels were assessed. In ex vivo human retinal explants (HREs), SA-10 treatment effects on oxidative stress markers NRF2 and HMOX1 were analyzed.

resultsSA-10-NP improved PERG amplitudes (112.96% in females, p < 0.01) and PVEP amplitudes (67.53% in females, p < 0.01), preserving RGC density in both central and mid-peripheral regions. Immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of Hmox1 and downregulation of TNF-α in the SA-10-NP-treated group. SA-10 significantly reduced ROS levels in primary RGCs and retinal explants exposed to endothelin-3 (ET-3), decreasing fluorescence intensity by 25.9% (p < 0.01) and 14.7% (p < 0.0001), respectively. SA-10 upregulated oxidative stress markers (NRF2 and HMOX1) and enhanced RGC survival in NF-deprived HREs.

conclusionsSA-10 demonstrated significant ROS reduction and preserved RGC survival and function in both I/R mouse models and HREs, with immunohistochemistry confirming upregulation of Hmox1 and downregulation of TNF-α in the SA-10-NP-treated group. SA-10-NP provided sustained drug delivery and bioavailability, showcasing strong neuroprotective effects and offering a potential therapeutic strategy for glaucomatous optic neuropathy and other neurodegenerative conditions.

Indexed as

NanoparticlesNeuroprotective AgentsRetinal Ganglion CellsAnimalsCells, CulturedCell SurvivalGlaucomaHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLOxidative StressPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerReactive Oxygen SpeciesReperfusion InjuryNeuroprotective AgentsPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerReactive Oxygen SpeciesAntioxidantsGlaucomaIschemia/ReperfusionNeuroinflammationNeuroprotectionOxidative stressReactive oxygen speciesRetinal ganglion cells

Identifiers

PMID40836213
PMCPMC12369271

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.