ArticleClinical rheumatology2025
Transforming rheumatoid arthritis care: dynamic budget impact models with ACR to DAS28 mapping for anti-TNFs, JAK inhibitors, and interleukins.
Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/
objectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with substantial impacts on quality of life and healthcare systems. This study aimed to evaluate how the introduction of biologics and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs) for managing moderate to severe RA in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) impacts efficacy, safety, and cost within the treatment pathway.
methodAn Excel-based budget impact model was developed to estimate the financial consequences of adopting biologics and tsDMARDs from a payer perspective. It considered the direct treatment costs, cost offsets from reduced complications and hospitalizations, and the effect of managed-entry agreements (MEAs), assessed over 6-month cycles within a 5-year time horizon. Data inputs were derived from published literature, clinical guidelines, and a mapping technique used to correlate treatment efficacy across clinical trials. Sensitivity assessed the influence of varying parameters on the model outcomes.
resultsThe introduction of biologics and tsDMARDs at different stages of the treatment pathway led to variable budget impacts ranging from -28% to + 79% from the base case (SAR 1,237 million) for low disease activity (LDA) and - 28% to + 86% from the base case (SAR 1,095 million) for remission as the outcome. Earlier adoption increased initial costs but showed potential for long-term savings. MEAs significantly reduced net costs (- 29% to + 65% for LDA; - 30% to + 71% for remission from the base case), enhancing affordability. These findings support the hypothesis that strategic use of these therapies and agreements influences overall financial outcomes.
conclusionsIntegrating biologics and tsDMARDs, particularly through MEAs, can optimize RA treatment while managing costs. These results provide valuable insights for healthcare decision-makers in KSA, emphasizing the importance of cost-effective resource allocation. Key Points • A budget impact model was developed for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapies in the Saudi healthcare context. • Managed-entry agreements (MEAs) reduce the net financial burden of newer RA treatments. • Early use of biologics and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs) can offer long-term savings despite higher upfront costs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40836173What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.