Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40835881›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Deterministic and fractional-order modeling of measles dynamics with harmonic mean incidence rate and quarantine impact.

Rehan Khan, Ioan-Lucian Popa, Emad A A Ismail, Fuad A Awwad, Umar Ishtiaq

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rehan KhanDepartment of Mathematics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan.
Ioan-Lucian PopaDepartment of Computing, Mathematics and Electronics, 1 Decembrie 1918, University of Alba Iulia, 510009, Alba Iulia, Romania.
Emad A A IsmailDepartment of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, 11587, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Fuad A AwwadDepartment of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, 11587, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Umar IshtiaqOffice of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan. umarishtiaq@umt.edu.pk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A novel mathematical model which explores the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases integrating nonlinear incidence and quarantine measures is presented in this study. Five different compartments: susceptible, latent, infectious, quarantined and recovered individuals presents total population. Saturation effects in disease transmission are modeled through a nonlinear infection rate while quarantine and recovery processes are explicitly incorporated. Parameters are estimated using a genetic algorithm based on cumulative monthly case data for measles in Indonesia. The basic reproduction number is derived to assess the potential for outbreak persistence. Stability analysis of the equilibrium states is conducted, and sensitivity analysis identifies key parameters influencing disease spread. Furthermore, the model is extended using Atangana-Baleanu Caputo (ABC) fractional derivative to explore memory-dependent effects in disease dynamics. Numerical simulations illustrate how fractional-order values impact infection trajectories. The findings emphasize the importance of timely isolation and recovery in controlling outbreaks and suggest that fractional-order modeling can enhance understanding of long-term epidemic behavior.

Indexed as

MeaslesQuarantineAlgorithmsBasic Reproduction NumberComputer SimulationDisease OutbreaksEpidemiological ModelsHumansIncidenceIndonesiaModels, Theoretical

Identifiers

PMID40835881
PMCPMC12368034

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.