Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40835603›Full record

ArticleLight, science & applications2025

Time-dependent physical unclonable functions by long-lived triplet excitons in carbon dots.

Yan-Wei Hu, Qing Cao, Shi-Yu Song, Yuan Sun, Ya-Chuan Liang, Wen-Bo Zhao, Chao-Fan Lv, Chong-Xin Shan, Kai-Kai Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Light, science & applications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Covert Optical Fingerprints Within Overt Structural Colors via Cascaded Cavity Resonances.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yan-Wei HuHenan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Qing CaoHenan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Shi-Yu SongHenan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Yuan SunHenan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Ya-Chuan LiangSchool of Electronics and Information, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China.
Wen-Bo ZhaoHenan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Chao-Fan LvHenan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Chong-Xin ShanHenan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. cxshan@zzu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-5325
Kai-Kai LiuHenan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. liukaikai@zzu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-6699

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), relying extensively on the random spatial distribution of block elements, are promising technology for generating unclonable cryptograph. Herein, we demonstrate time-dependent PUFs (TD-PUFs) by introducing carbon dots (CDs) with bright and long-lived triplet excitons as block elements. The constructed TD-PUFs evolve into multiple unclonable PUFs over time, effectively breaking the spatial limitation of transitional PUFs and increasing the complexity, making them much more difficult to be attacked. This temporal evolution introduces an additional layer of security, as the dynamic nature of TD-PUFs makes it increasingly challenging for adversaries to predict or replicate their states. We have developed pixel matrix function (PMF) to describe the evolution process of the TD-PUFs, enabling a detailed analysis of the dynamic behavior and unique security features. In addition, we exhibit a TD-PUFs painting (30 × 40 cm

Identifiers

PMID40835603
PMCPMC12368053

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.