Observational studyNeurology2025
Functional, Cognitive, Physical, and Vascular Outcomes 9 Years After Lacunar and Mild Cortical Ischemic Stroke.
Observational study in Neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Biomarkers of post-stroke cognitive impairment-a systematic literature review.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Polyphenol-rich Salicornia extract in lacunar stroke: a pilot randomised trial of safety and exploratory clinical outcomes.European stroke journal · 2026Trial
- Functional Recovery After Stroke and Its Association with Patient's Quality of Life and Caregiver Burden.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesData on outcomes after minor stroke, especially lacunar stroke, are lacking or based on short follow-up. Outcome differences between lacunar and cortical stroke remain unclear but may provide insights into small vessel disease (SVD) etiology and prognosis. We report on dementia, death, recurrent stroke, and function up to 9 years after lacunar or minor cortical ischemic stroke.
methodsIn this 9-year longitudinal observational cohort study, we prospectively recruited participants presenting with mild, nondisabling lacunar or cortical ischemic stroke to Lothian Stroke Services in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. At baseline, we collected data on sociodemographics, vascular risk factors, dependence, cognition, and brain MRI. At 9 years, we used questionnaires (including items from the Stroke Impact Scale) and hospital/general practitioner records to assess dementia, recurrent stroke, death, cardiac diseases, vascular risk factors, dependence, recovery, and functionality.
resultsWe recruited 264 participants; clinical data were available for 243 participants (92%) (baseline mean age 67 years (SD 12), 42% female, 44% with lacunar stroke) and self-reported functional data for 96 (36%) at a mean follow-up of 8.5 years (SD 0.57). Dementia was diagnosed in 9.4% of participants with lacunar stroke and 12.4% of those with cortical stroke, with risk increasing with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.08; CI 1.030-1.130). Recurrent stroke occurred in one-third of all participants; risk increased with the presence of vascular risk factors (OR 2.27; CI 1.287-4.032). Participants with cortical stroke were more likely to die compared with those with lacunar stroke (χ DISCUSSION: Long-term outcomes after minor stroke were frequently suboptimal and varied by stroke subtype, highlighting the lasting impact of both lacunar and mild cortical ischemic strokes on quality of life. Improving long-term outcomes after mild stroke remains an important target for refining clinical care and shaping future research directions.
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