Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40833307›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2025

Parenting a Gender Diverse Child: Parent Experiences of a Child Coming Out.

Hayley Harman, El Didden, Gina M Sequeira, Nicole F Kahn, Rachel Salyer, David J Inwards-Breland, Raina Voss, Sabra L Katz-Wise, Kacie M Kidd

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hayley HarmanWest Virginia University School of Medicine, WVU Medicine Children's Hospital, Morgantown, West Virginia.
El DiddenWest Virginia University School of Medicine, WVU Medicine Children's Hospital, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Gina M SequeiraDivision of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.
Nicole F KahnDivision of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.
Rachel SalyerDivision of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
David J Inwards-BrelandDepartment of Pediatrics, Morehouse College School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Raina VossDivision of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.
Sabra L Katz-WiseBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Kacie M KiddDivision of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. Electronic address: Kacie.Kidd@hsc.wvu.edu.

Funding

West Virginia IDEA-CTRU54GM104942 · NIGMS · WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY · PI Anne Courtney DeVries · 2012 to 2026
$81.0M
Development and Feasibility Trial of Online Peer Support for Parents of Gender Diverse YouthK23HD109376 · NICHD · WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY · PI Kacie Kidd · 2023 to 2026
$639k
NICHD NIH HHS K23 HD109376NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104942
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeA young person coming out as gender diverse-having a gender identity that differs from sex assigned at birth-can be a significant moment of change for the entire family. This qualitative study explored parents' experiences of their child coming out as gender diverse.

methodsTwenty-five parents of gender diverse youth, ages 6-20 years, from the United States, submitted videos and were interviewed regarding their experiences of their child coming out. Data collection ceased when thematic saturation was achieved. Videos and interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique.

resultsOver one third of participants were Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color and 20% identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning. Almost one third were fathers and 8% were foster parents. Four themes and 10 subthemes were identified. Theme 1: Discovery highlighted the process of parents learning of their child's gender identity. Theme 2: Reaction showed parents' initial response to their child coming out, including feelings of confusion, shock, blame, and exclusion. Theme 3: Reflection centered parents' thought processes once they had time to consider their child is coming out. Theme 4: Recalibration explored parents' short-term adjustments and longer-term changes as a family after learning their child's gender identity. DISCUSSION: Results of this study illustrate many of the shared experiences parents have when their child comes out as gender diverse. Insights from this research carry the potential to influence interventions directed at enhancing anticipatory guidance and support programs for parents, with the goal of improving health outcomes for gender diverse youth.

Indexed as

Gender IdentityParent-Child RelationsParentingParentsSexual and Gender MinoritiesAdolescentAdultChildFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleQualitative ResearchUnited StatesYoung AdultAdolescentsFamily relationsParentingTransgenderTransgender persons

Identifiers

PMID40833307
PMCPMC12781027

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.