SynthesisANZ journal of surgery2025
BCG Intolerance in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer-A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in ANZ journal of surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- BCG Intolerance in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer-A Systematic Review.ANZ journal of surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to health management among patients receiving intravesical instillation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Prognostic Significance of Hemogram Parameters in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMost patients with localized bladder cancer are initially managed with endoscopic resection. For high-grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is the gold standard adjuvant treatment. However, 30%-40% of patients fail BCG treatment with lack of response or disease relapse. An understudied area of treatment failure is BCG intolerance, where patients drop out of treatment due to adverse effects.
objectivesTo examine the incidence and underlying reasons for BCG intolerance among adult patients with NMIBC.
methodsWe conducted a search on Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies from January 1, 1974 to January 10, 2023, retrieving 3340 articles. Two authors independently conducted screening and data extraction with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria include English-language studies reporting dropout rates and reasons for discontinuation of BCG therapy in NMIBC patients.
resultsBCG dropout rates reported among the 28 included studies varied widely from 0% to 52% (estimated summary proportion 12.8%, 95% CI 9%-17%). There was significant heterogeneity in study design. Subgroup analyses show a dose-dependent effect on dropout rates (3.3% vs. 20%, X
conclusionsDropout rates due to BCG intolerance average 12.8%. As cessation of treatment could lead to an increased risk in progression or recurrence of disease, strategies to mitigate BCG intolerance would be valuable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.