ArticleFrontiers in global women's health2025
Getting under the skin of the menopausal hot flush: a protocol to examine skin function and structure in symptomatic postmenopausal women.
Article in Frontiers in global women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06222073 (The Menopausal Hot Flush), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Menopausal Hot Flush: Cutaneous Vascular and Sudomotor Function and Structure in Symptomatic Women
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: The major pathophysiological symptom of the menopause affecting daily life is hot flushes, which are also associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk. A hot flush is a sudden and intense heat sensation causing skin flushing and profuse sweating. Menopause-induced oestrogen deficiency could increase the sensitivity of skin blood vessels and sweat glands in postmenopausal women, which could result in more frequent and larger increases in skin blood flow in postmenopausal women consistent with hot flushes. Furthermore, oestrogen withdrawal could also alter the structure of the skin blood vessels and/or sweat glands which may also contribute to hot flushes. This trial aims to examine the function and structure of skin blood vessels and sweat glands in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods and analysis: This is a single-centre multi-cohort observational study. Participants will attend the laboratory at Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) on two separate occasions, ∼7 days apart. Visit 1 will consist of anthropometry, a blood sample and assessment of post-ganglionic skin blood vessel and sweat gland responsiveness via cutaneous microdialysis. At visit 2, participants will return for a skin punch biopsy. A between groups statistical analysis of the pre- and postmenopausal cohorts will be conducted in a blinded manner. Ethics and dissemination: The trial was approved by the North West - Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee (22/NW/0300) in the UK. The study adheres to The Declaration of Helsinki and is being conducted in accordance with the UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research. Discussion: Identifying functional and/or structural changes in skin blood vessels or sweat glands in women with hot flushes would increase our understanding of their cause(s) and side effects, and help to design effective treatments, including interventions that can manipulate the activity of the skin blood vessels and/or sweat glands via pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods. Trial registration numbers: NCT06222073.
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