ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2025
Genome-wide association study of borderline personality disorder identifies 11 loci and highlights shared risk with mental and somatic disorders.
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155 authors.
Fabian StreitHector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1080-4339
Swapnil AwasthiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9692-8123
Alisha Sm HallDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-1684-6663
Alice BraunDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1145-0261
Maria NiarchouDepartment of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8855-7393
Eirini MarouliWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6179-1609
Oladapo BabajideWilliam Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6295-6284
Josef FrankDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4867-9465
Lea ZillichDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7457-374X
Carolin M CalliesDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Diana AvetyanDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Eric ZillichDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3704-7243
Joonas NaamankaHector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Jean GonzalezDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-4944-9523
Arvid HarderDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-5984-9207
Yi LuDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-9933-3654
Zouhair AherrahrouInstitute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Zain-Ul-Abideen AhmadSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Helga AskPsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-0149-5319
Anthony BatzlerDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3753-4930
Michael E BenrosCopenhagen Research Centre for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-4939-9465
Odette M Brand-de WildeNetherlands Institute for Personality Disorders, PO Box 15933, Halsteren, Netherlands.
Søren BrunakDepartment of Public Health & Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-0316-5866
Mie T BruunClinical Immunology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-8819-5388
Lea An ChristoffersenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-5816-6324
Lucía Colodro-CondeBrain and Mental Health Research Program, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9004-364X
Brandon J CoombesDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4322-5923
Elizabeth C CorfieldPsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-0119-157X
Norbert DahmenDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Maria DidriksenDepartment of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-4856-496X
Khoa M DinhDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-1881-5673
Srdjan DjurovicDepartment of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-8140-8061
Joseph DowsettDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5381-2633
Ole Kristian DrangeNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-2766-7190
Helene DukalDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6188-807X
Susanne EdelmannDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6266-9303
Christian ErikstrupDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-6551-6647
Mariana K EspinolaDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Eva FassbinderDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3017-4514
Annika FauconDepartment of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4509-0428
Diana S Ferreira de SáDepartment of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6557-5743
Jerome C FooDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1067-5725
Maria GillesDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9604-4459
Alfonso Gutiérrez-ZotesHospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4858-1487
Thomas F HansenNeurogenomic, Translational Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
Magnus HaraldssonLandspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0003-3258-2247
R Patrick HarperBradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
Alexandra HavdahlPsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-9268-0423
Urs HeilbronnerInstitute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7135-762X
Stefan HermsHuman Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2786-8200
Henrik HjalgrimDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christopher HübelSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1267-8287
Gitta A JacobInstitute for Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Bitten AagaardDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-8306-1332
Anders JorgensenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Martin JungkunzInstitute for Medical and Data Ethics, Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1891-9790
Nikolaus KleindienstDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1696-2488
Nora KnoblichDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Stefanie KoglinDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2649-8129
Julia KraftDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7306-1179
Kristi KrebsEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0003-0494-2751
Christopher W LeeFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Yuhao LinSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Stefanie LisDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8051-2756
Amanda LisowayMolecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8359-9984
Ioannis A MalogiannisFirst Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6078-5231
Amy MartinsenDepartment of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-9051-9898
Tolou MaslahatiDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1232-3512
Katharina MerzDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Andreas Meyer-LindenbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5619-1123
Susan MikkelsenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-7806-1143
Christina MikkelsenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-2945-6197
Arian MobascherDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0428-7657
Gerard MuntanéHospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1541-8365
Asmundur OddssondeCODE genetics / AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0002-4606-5163
Sisse R OstrowskiDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5288-3851
Teemu PalviainenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-7847-8384
Ole Bv PedersenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-2312-5976
Geir PedersenDepartment of Research and Innovation, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-8599-8871
Liam QuinnDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-3597-2948
Matthias A ReinhardDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8374-5467
Florian A RuthsSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5649-5063
Björn H SchottDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8237-4481
Michael SchredlDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Sleep Laboratory, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8031-6608
Emanuel SchwarzHector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0261-5063
Cornelia E SchwarzeDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Charlotte Fresenius University, Wiesbaden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1110-4449
Michael SchwinnDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-6151-369X
Tabea SendDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1305-9322
Engilbert SigurdssonLandspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0001-9404-7982
Katja Simon-KellerDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2340-8765
Astros T SkuladottirdeCODE genetics / AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0002-5048-0933
Joaquim SolerCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8077-3641
Anne SonleyBorderline Personality Disorder Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7315-4671
Erik SørensenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hreinn StefanssondeCODE genetics / AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0002-9331-6666
Peter StraubDepartment of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-9693-8207
Jaana SuvisaariFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-7167-0990
Martin TesliMental health and suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-7495-5545
Jacob TræholtDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0009-0003-5395-342X
Henrik UllumStatens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-7306-9058
Maja P VölkerDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6842-9386
G Bragi WaltersdeCODE genetics / AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0002-5415-6487
Rujia WangSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2574-990X
Christian C WittDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2312-1505
Gerhard ZarbockIVAH, Institut für Verhaltenstherapie-Ausbildung Hamburg, gemeinnützige GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
Peter ZillDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1068-5886
John-Anker ZwartDepartment of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-5721-0154
DBDS Genomic Consortium
Estonian Biobank Research Team
GLAD Study
HUNT All-In Psychiatry
Ole A AndreassenNORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-4461-3568
Arnoud ArntzDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7992-2272
Joanna M BiernackaDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9350-4440
Martin BohusDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Gerome BreenSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2053-1792
Alexander L ChapmanDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Sven CichonDepartment of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9475-086X
Lea K DavisDepartment of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5143-2282
Michael DeuschleDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5038-1137
Sebastian EulerDepartment of Consultation Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-5009-8355
Sabine C HerpertzGerman Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim - Heidelberg - Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9676-1928
Benjamin HummelenDepartment of Research and Innovation, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-8717-8076
Andrea JobstDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1506-0749
Jaakko KaprioInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-3716-2455
James L KennedyMolecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-8733-3806
Kelli LehtoEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0003-2735-7643
Klaus LiebDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9609-4261
Lourdes MartorellHospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4999-2197
Shelley McMainDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0269-5876
Richard MusilDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0792-8413
Vanessa NieratschkerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7884-4500
Markus M NöthenInsitute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn & University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8770-2464
Frank PadbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7638-8310
Aarno PalotieInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-2527-5874
Juan C PascualCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8039-9346
Nader PerroudDepartment of Psychiatric, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9282-9216
Josep A Ramos-QuirogaBiomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1622-0350
Ted Reichborn-KjennerudPsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-4653-0034
Marta RibasesBiomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1039-1116
Stefan RoepkeDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3165-8684
Dan RujescuDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1432-313X
Sandra Sanchez-RoigeDepartment of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6137-5699
Claudia SchillingDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Sleep Laboratory, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7631-1452
Christian SchmahlGerman Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim - Heidelberg - Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0141-0821
Kari StefanssondeCODE genetics / AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0003-1676-864X
Thorgeir E ThorgeirssondeCODE genetics / AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland.ORCID 0000-0002-5149-7040
Gustavo TureckiDouglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-4075-2736
Elisabet VilellaHospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV-CERCA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1887-5919
Thomas WergeDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-1829-0766
Bendik S WinsvoldDepartment of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-4171-8919
Johannes WregeMedical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3538-2881
Marcella RietschelDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5236-6149
Stephan RipkeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3622-835X
Stephanie H WittDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1571-1468
Funding
Graduate Training Program in BioinformaticsT32GM139790 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BAFNA, VINEET, GAASTERLAND, THERESA · 2021 to 2025
$2.1MNIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM139790
Abstract
We conducted the largest genome-wide meta-analysis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) to date, with a discovery sample of 12,339 cases and 1,041,717 controls, and a replication study of 685 cases and 107,750 controls (all participants of European ancestry). We identified 11 independent associated genomic loci, and nine risk genes in the gene-based analysis. We observed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability of 17.3% and derived polygenic scores (PGS) predicted 4.6% of the phenotypic variance in BPD on the liability scale. BPD showed the strongest positive genetic correlations with GWAS of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial behavior, and measures of suicide and self-harm. Phenome-wide association analyses using BPD-PGS confirmed these associations and additionally revealed associations with general medical conditions including obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes. The present analyses highlight BPD as a polygenic disorder, with the genetic risk showing substantial overlap with psychiatric and physical health conditions.
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