ArticleLiver cancer2025
Regorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Real-World Practice (REFINE): A Prospective, Observational Study.
Article in Liver cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03289273 (REFINE), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
REFINE: Regorafenib Observational Study in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond Contraindication-Based Selection: The Unmet Need for Predictive Biomarkers in First-Line Immunotherapy for Advanced HCC.Targeted oncology · 2026Article
- Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Impaired Liver Function: Navigating the Evidence Gap.Cancers · 2026Review
- Real-world outcomes of lenvatinib versus sorafenib as the second-line therapy after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale multicenter study in Korea.Hepatology international · 2026Article
- Regorafenib as Second-Line Versus Later-Line Therapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Real-World Study with Exploratory Analysis of Prior Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Exposure.Targeted oncology · 2026Article
- Changing Treatment Landscape of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Real-World Retrospective Analysis of Treatment Algorithms and Outcomes of Patients over 10 Years.Targeted oncology · 2026Article
- Cabozantinib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Real-World Practice (CLERANCE): A Prospective, Interventional Study.Liver cancer · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rg1 triggers ferroptosis to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma via SLC7A11 downregulation.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- TP53, HIF1A, and CDKN2A in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Roles in Senescence, Ferroptosis, and Prognosis.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Advancing Systemic Treatment beyond First Line for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Strong Signals of Adverse Events in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy for Liver Cancer Treatment.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Regorafenib use in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: analyses of subgroups of special interest in the observational REFINE study.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Translating Fibrosis to Malignancy: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Opportunities in Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Pembrolizumab Plus Regorafenib: A Case Report.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- Navigating second-line therapy after immunotherapy in advanced HCC☆.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic Response Surfaces-Guided Optimization (PRS-OPT) of Propolis-Metformin-Regorafenib Combination Therapy for MASLD-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Oncology research · 2026Article
- The Evolving Role of Second- and Third-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Advances in Targeted Therapy with Sunitinib, Regorafenib, and Avapritinib.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: In the phase 3 RESORCE trial, regorafenib prolonged overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) whose disease progressed on prior sorafenib. The prospective, observational REFINE study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of regorafenib in a broader population of patients in real-world clinical practice, including patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≥2, Child-Pugh B liver status, and sorafenib intolerance. Methods: This international, prospective, multicenter study (NCT03289273) enrolled patients with uHCC for whom the decision to treat with regorafenib was made by their physician before enrollment, according to the local health authority-approved label. The primary aim was to evaluate the safety of regorafenib, including the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and dose modifications due to TEAEs. Results: Of the 1,028 patients enrolled, 1,005 initiated regorafenib and were eligible for analysis. Median age was 66 years (range 21-94); most patients were male (83%), Child-Pugh A (61%), and had an ECOG PS of 0 or 1 (82%) at study entry. Overall, 47%, 11%, and 40% of patients initiated regorafenib at 160, 120, and 80 mg/day, respectively. Median treatment duration was 3.7 months (range 1 day to 38.9 months). Dose modifications and permanent discontinuation of regorafenib due to TEAEs occurred in 45% and 31% of patients, respectively. The most common drug-related TEAEs were hand-foot skin reaction (31%), diarrhea (26%), and fatigue (15%). Median OS was 13.2 months (95% confidence interval 11.6, 14.8). Conclusion: The results of the real-world REFINE study confirmed the safety and effectiveness of regorafenib in a broad population of patients with uHCC. Of patients who received standard regorafenib dosing in REFINE, safety and efficacy findings were consistent with those reported in the RESORCE trial.
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