ArticleLiver cancer2025
Treatment Duration of Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients at High Risk of Recurrence after Resection: A Prospective, Multicentric Cohort Study.
Article in Liver cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Adjuvant Treatment Versus Surveillance in Curatively Treated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters is associated with impaired efficacy of adjuvant immunotherapy in resected hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparative efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization versus lenvatinib plus tislelizumab in patients with BCLC stage 0 -B hepatocellular carcinoma after radical resection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients: Options and management after complete response.iLIVER · 2025Article
- The efficacy and safety of tislelizumab with or without tyrosine kinase inhibitor as adjuvant therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma with high-risk of recurrence after curative resection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy-Based Strategies versus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and the Impact of Treatment Duration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Microvascular Invasion: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Postoperative Adjuvant Transcatheterarterial Chemoembolization Should Be Considered Selectively for Patients with Cytokeratin-19 Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may improve recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study evaluated the effects of adjuvant ICI treatment duration on RFS and overall survival (OS) among patients with HCC at high risk of recurrence. Methods: The RFS and OS of patients from three centers who received either adjuvant ICI therapy or active surveillance after curative hepatic resection between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023, were analyzed. Further analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of ICI treatment duration on RFS and OS. Results: A total of 1,271 patients were included, of whom 1,032 (81.2%) received active surveillance and 239 (18.8%) received adjuvant ICI therapy. The median RFS in the adjuvant therapy cohort was 22.6 months (95% CI 18.3-26.9), significantly higher than the RFS of 19.1 months (95% CI 16.4-21.4) in the active surveillance cohort (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66-0.95; Conclusions: Adjuvant ICI therapy significantly improves the prognosis of patients with HCC at high risk of recurrence after curative resection. Six months of adjuvant ICI treatment may be insufficient.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.