ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical investigation2025
Zwitterionic alginate derivative as a new delivery platform for enhanced blood circulation.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mitigating the Resolution-Field of View Trade-Off for Comprehensive Microstructural Characterization with Advanced AI Methods.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Based Dry Powder Inhalers for Enhanced Drug Delivery Against Lung Diseases.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Indocyanine Green-Loaded Quenched Nanoliposomes as Activatable Theranostics for Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a synthetic polymer known for its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, has long been used in drug delivery systems to prevent non-specific protein adsorption and to extend the blood circulation time of drug carriers and protein drugs. However, PEG has several drawbacks including poor stability, accumulated toxicity, and immunogenicity induced by repeated injections. Recently, zwitterionic polymers, known for their super-hydrophilic and antifouling properties, have been considered excellent alternatives to PEG. In this study, we synthesized a new zwitterionic polymer from biocompatible sodium alginate and lysine. Methods: Sodium alginate (Alg) was conjugated with lysine (Lys) using the EDC/sulfo-NHS chemistry to form a zwitterionic alginate derivative (Alg-Lys). The biocompatibility was evaluated using in vitro cellular assays and in vivo animal studies. After further conjugation of zwitterionic near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye ZW800, an in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging study was conducted to evaluate the ability of Alg-Lys to enhance blood circulation time. Results: Characterization of Alg-Lys showed that the carboxylic acid groups in Alg were completely replaced by Lys molecules. No cytotoxic effects were observed in the in vitro cytotoxicity tests of Alg-Lys-treated cancer cells and normal cells. Serum biochemical analysis confirmed the biocompatibility of Alg-Lys. ZW800-conjugated Alg-Lys exhibited strong fluorescence signals throughout the body 24 h after intravenous injection, whereas ZW800-conjugated Alg was rapidly removed from the body. Conclusion: The zwitterionic alginate derivative showed potential utility as a new delivery platform for imaging agents and drugs.
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Registered trials
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