Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40831677›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials interfaces2025

FACS-Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic Environments.

Samuel Thompson, Yanrong Zhang, Zijian Yang, Lisa Nichols, Polly M Fordyce

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials interfaces, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Acoustic printing of conductive polymers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Samuel ThompsonDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Yanrong ZhangStanford Shared FACS Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Zijian YangDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Lisa NicholsCenter for Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Polly M FordyceDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Funding

Using microfluidics to realize patient-specific anti-cancer immunotherapiesDP1CA290563 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Polly Morrell Fordyce · 2023 to 2026
$5.4M
Four Laser, 18 Color Cell Sorter in the SSFFS10RR025518 · NCRR · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HERZENBERG, LEONARD A · 2009 to 2009
$500k
BD Canto II RUO CytometerS10RR027431 · NCRR · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI NOLAN, GARRY P · 2010 to 2010
$236k
NCI NIH HHS DP1 CA290563NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR025518NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR027431
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biphasic environments can enable successful chemical reactions where any single solvent results in poor substrate solubility or poor catalyst reactivity. For screening biphasic reactions at high throughput, a platform based on microfluidic double emulsions can use widely available FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting) machines to screen millions of picoliter reactors in a few hours. However, encapsulating biphasic reactions within double emulsions to form FACS-sortable droplet picoreactors requires optimized solvent phases and surfactants to produce triple emulsion droplets that are stable over multi-hour assays and compatible with desired reaction conditions. This work demonstrates such FACS-sortable triple emulsion picoreactors with a fluorocarbon shell and biphasic octanol-in-water core. First, surfactants are screened to stabilize octanol-in-water emulsions for the picoreactor core. With these optimized conditions, stable triple emulsion picoreactors (>70% of droplets survived to 24 hr), produced protein in the biphasic core via cell-free protein synthesis are generated, and sorted these triple emulsions based on fluorescence using a commercial FACS sorter at >100 Hz with 75-80% of droplets recovered. Finally, an in-droplet lipase assay with a fluorogenic resorufin substrate that partitions into octanol is demonstrated. These triple emulsion picoreactors have the potential for future screening bead-encoded catalyst libraries, including enzymes such as lipases for biofuel production.

Indexed as

biphasic reactionscatalystdirected evolutiondropletsFACSmicrofluidicsscreening

Identifiers

PMID40831677
PMCPMC12360416

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.