ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025
Sub-inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin modulate biogenesis and function of extracellular vesicles secreted by oxacillin-sensitive methicillin-resistant
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Staphylococcus aureus derived extracellular vesicles modulate osteoblast-like cell immune responses independently of vesicle internalization.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sub-inhibitory concentrations of metronidazole alter the proteomic profile and biological effects of extracellular vesicles from Clostridioides difficile.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Antibiotics Impact the Cytotoxicity and Cytopathic Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Methods: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from the OS-MRSA (OS-200) strain by ultracentrifugation, including both EVs untreated with antibiotics and those exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin (OI-EVs). Proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The functional changes of these EVs were further assessed through erythrocyte hemolysis assays, biofilm formation assays, measurement of cytokines, and cell invasion assays. Results: Exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin (half and one-eighth of the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]) significantly enhanced the secretion of OI-EVs and increased the abundance of several proteins, including penicillin-binding protein 2, EmrB, Hlg, and enolase, in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, EV1/2MIC exhibited more pronounced functional changes and enhanced hemolytic activity against rabbit red blood cells. Also, EV1/2MIC exhibited significant promoting effects on biofilm formation of OS-200. Additionally, OI-EVs stimulated the secretion of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α by THP-1 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner and demonstrated greater penetration potential into A549 lung epithelial cells. Conclusion: Exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin significantly altered the secretion and composition of EVs, highlighting a novel relationship between antimicrobial exposure, exosome biogenesis, and OS-MRSA pathogenicity. These findings provide new insights into how β-lactam antibiotics influence host-pathogen interactions by modulating the secretion of bacterial vesicles.
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