Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40831300›Full record

ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2026

Distinction and mutual Influences between Parkinson's Disease-related and unrelated Chronic Pain.

Jonathan Hunger, Florian Brugger, Georg Kägi, Jens Carsten Möller, Nathalie Hollenstein, David H Benninger, Michele Tinazzi, Julien F Bally, Roman Gonzenbach, Daniel Ciampi de Andrade and 2 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jonathan HungerDepartment of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland.
Florian BruggerDepartment of Neurology, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Georg KägiDepartment of Neurology, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Jens Carsten MöllerDepartment of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
Nathalie HollensteinDepartment of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland.
David H BenningerService of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-9533
Michele TinazziDepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2370-7063
Julien F BallyService of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Roman GonzenbachDepartment of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland.
Daniel Ciampi de AndradeDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-632X
Santiago Perez LloretInstituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H.A Barceló, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-6512
Veit MyliusDepartment of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0900-0491

Funding

Mundipharma Medical Company, BaselParkinson SchweizZambon Svizzera SA, Cadempino
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic pain (i.e. > 3 months) is a common nonmotor symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the attribution to PD is critical for further treatment.

objectivesWe explored the PD Pain Classification System (PD-PCS) criteria for the diagnosis of PD-related pain and mutual influences between PD-related and PD-unrelated pain.

methodsIn this multicenter study, 120 nondemented PD patients were assessed using the PD-PCS as well as motor and nonmotor questionnaires. The PD-PCS consists of 3 steps: first, it classifies chronic pain as unrelated or related to PD according to 1 of 4 criteria (at onset or aggravated by PD, in the off phase, improvement with dopaminergic treatment, and with dyskinesia); second, it allows the classification of pain mechanisms (neuropathic, nociceptive, and nociplastic); and finally, it provides a score.

resultsChronic pain was present in 92% of patients, with PD-related pain in 73% and non-PD-related pain in 53%. Higher PD-PCS scores were reported when PD-related pain was present. In cases of concurrent PD-related and PD-unrelated pain (35%), there was a moderate correlation between pain severity. Improvement with dopaminergic medication and pain in the off phases were the most common factors defining an association of pain with PD. These factors often occur together, whereas pain during dyskinesia occurs independently.

conclusionThe PD-PCS criteria allow differentiation between PD-related and PD-unrelated chronic pain through 2 approaches, assessing periods of either low or high dopaminergic stimulation. PD-unrelated pain should also be taken into account, as it is more common than in the general population and as it may influence PD-related pain.

Indexed as

Chronic PainParkinson DiseaseAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementSeverity of Illness IndexSurveys and Questionnaireschronic painnonmotor symptomParkinson's diseasePD‐related painPD‐unrelated pain

Identifiers

PMID40831300
PMCPMC12911522

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.