SynthesisBMC psychology2025
Effectiveness of spiritual health-based interventions in improving health indicators of patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effect of Spiritual Interventions on Hope in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of religion and health · 2026Pooled it
- The Effects of Spiritual Interventions on Sleep Quality Among Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- Exploring the spiritual needs of patients receiving palliative care and their caregivers: a qualitative study.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- Religion and Spirituality as Social Determinants of Sleep Health Across the Globe: A Narrative Review.Current sleep medicine reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Spiritual health interventions have increasingly been recognized for their potential to improve general health outcomes. This study undertakes a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate their effectiveness on patient health in Iran. Data were gathered from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and other relevant sources without time restriction. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using Stata version 16. Analysis of 53 studies, comprising both quasi-experimental and clinical trial designs, revealed 94 reported outcomes. Significant enhancements were observed in anxiety (SMD: -1.32), hope (SMD: 2.56), quality of life (SMD: 3.48), stress (SMD: -1.57), depression (SMD: -1.57), spiritual health (SMD: 3.27), and sleep quality (SMD: -1.71), while pain control showed no significant effect (SMD: -0.64). The findings of the current study demonstrate that, despite certain limitations, interventions grounded in spiritual health can effectively enhance both physical and psychological health indicators in patients; however, due to inherent study limitations, cautious interpretation is advised. Future research should leverage advanced tools, particularly artificial intelligence, to assess outcomes objectively, reducing reliance on self-reported data. Studies should also adhere to internationally recognized guidelines to minimize bias and employ larger sample sizes to improve the robustness and generalizability of findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.