ArticleBMC public health2025
Impact of black carbon exposure on length of hospital stay in asthma patients: a retrospective cohort study in yulin, China.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objective
backgroundWhile PM₂.₅ exposure is linked to asthma exacerbations, components-specific effects on healthcare burden remain understudied. Hospital length of stay (LOS), a critical indicator of disease severity and healthcare costs, has received limited attention in black carbon (BC) research.
objectiveTo quantify the association between short-term exposure to PM₂.₅ components-particularly black carbon (BC)-and LOS among asthma patients, and to identify vulnerable populations and critical exposure windows.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 4,509 asthma patients (ICD-10: J45 ~ J46) hospitalized in Yulin, China (2018 ~ 2023). Daily PM
resultsEach 1.00 µg/m³ increase in BC concentration at lag9 significantly associated with a 0.45-days prolongation in hospital stay (95%CI: 0.12 ~ 0.78). Age-stratified analysis revealed heightened vulnerability in children (effect observed at lag1 ~ 3, lag7 ~ 9) and middle-aged adults (sustained effects lag2 ~ 10), while elderly patients showed no significant associations. Seasonal analysis demonstrated that BC effects were more pronounced during non-pollen season (0.77 additional days per 1.00 µg/m³ increase), with no significant effects during pollen season. Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed dose-response relationships, with effects plateauing at BC concentrations ≥ 1.98 µg/m³.
conclusionsShort-term BC exposure was significantly associated with extend asthma hospitalization duration, with critical exposure windows at lag9 and pronounced vulnerability in children and middle-aged adults during non-pollen seasons. These findings provide quantitative evidence supporting BC-specific emission controls in air quality policies and highlight the need for targeted protection of vulnerable populations, particularly in high-population regions.
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