Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40830191›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Exploring vegetation health in Southern Thailand under climate stress from temperature and water impacts between 2000 and 2023.

Kaleem Mehmood, Shoaib Ahmad Anees, Fahad Shahzad, Sultan Muhammad, Qijing Liu, Waseem Razzaq Khan, Munawar Shah, Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kaleem Mehmood *College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Shoaib Ahmad Anees *Department of Forestry, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, Pakistan. anees.shoaib@gmail.com.
Fahad ShahzadPrecision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Sultan MuhammadInstitute of Forest Science, University of Swat, Main Campus Charbagh 19120, Swat, Pakistan.
Qijing LiuCollege of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Waseem Razzaq KhanDepartment of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia.
Munawar ShahSpace education and GNSS lab, NCGSA, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
Punyawi JamjareegulgarnKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon, 86160, Thailand. kjpunyaw@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study provides a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation health in Southern Thailand from 2000 to 2023, focusing on the impacts of temperature and water stress on vegetation degradation. Using high-resolution Landsat-derived kernel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (kNDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST), alongside precipitation (PPT), soil moisture (SM), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and solar radiation (SR), several key indices were derived such as Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI). The study offers a robust framework to monitor vegetation health under climate stress by integrating satellite-based indices with detailed climate datasets. Our findings reveal significant temperature-induced stress during critical years like 2005 and 2016, with over 60% of the region experiencing vegetation degradation. Long-term trend analysis indicates that while 22.5% of forested areas show signs of recovery, 3.6% continue to degrade, primarily due to persistent temperature extremes and water stress. Soil moisture emerged as a critical driver during the dry season, positively influencing 11.16% of the region, while solar radiation exhibited mixed effects depending on moisture availability. These insights highlight the complex interplay of climatic drivers on vegetation dynamics, particularly in tropical ecosystems. The study underscores the need for adaptive management strategies to enhance resilience against climate extremes, providing valuable guidance for sustainable land management in Southern Thailand.

Indexed as

Climate ChangeTemperatureWaterEcosystemForestsSeasonsSoilThailandSoilWaterClimate stressDrought impactsEcosystem resiliencekNDVILand surface temperatureSouthern thailandSpatiotemporal analysisVegetation health index

Identifiers

PMID40830191
PMCPMC12365072

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.