ArticleVaccine2025
Late initiation of pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccinations.
Article in Vaccine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFor children who initiate a vaccine series late, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides a catch-up schedule to guide providers in achieving full vaccination. Typically, the routine and catch-up schedules recommend the same number of doses for series completion. However, children starting pneumococcal (PCV) or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination at or after 7 months often require fewer doses than earlier initiators. We aimed to quantify late PCV and Hib series initiators and determine series completion within CDC catch-up guidelines.
methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed vaccine records from the 2016-2021 National Immunization Survey-Child. We quantified the prevalence of and identified characteristics of children who initiated the PCV or Hib series at or after age 7 months (215 days). We evaluated late initiators' series completion based on age of series initiation and when subsequent doses were received.
resultsOf 99,652 children, 2.5 % (95 % CI: 2.2-2.7 %) and 2.3 % (95 % CI: 2.1-2.5 %) of U.S. children initiated PCV or Hib series late, respectively. The median age of late series initiation was 384 days for PCV and 407 days for Hib. Overall, 34.9 % (95 % CI: 29.9-39.9 %) of late PCV initiators, and 26.3 % (95 % CI: 21.2-31.4 %) of late Hib initiators, received other vaccines from age 6 weeks to <7 months. Late PCV initiation decreased from 2.9 % (95 % CI: 2.4-3.4 %) in 2016 to 1.7 % (95 % CI: 1.3-2.1 %) in 2021. About 77.4 % (95 % CI: 69.0-83.9 %) of late PCV (routine 4-dose series) and 87.5 % (95 % CI: 76.3-93.3 %) of late Hib (routine 4-dose series) initiators completed the series per catch-up guidelines.
conclusionsA subset of U.S. children initiated the PCV or Hib series at or after 7 months, and most had not received other recommended vaccines between 6 weeks and 7 months-underscoring the need for evidence-based interventions that support early access to primary care.
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