SynthesisLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver2025
Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Pooled it
- Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (ÖGGH) consensus on primary biliary cholangitis.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) has been linked to both autoimmunity and chronic liver disease, but most data on the link to primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) originate from small studies and have yielded conflicting results. A systematic search was performed in the databases of Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science Core Collection for studies published between 1990 and 2024, using search terms related to CeD, gluten and PBC. The search identified 2016 publications, of which 94 were read in full text. Of these, a total of 25 studies were included in this review, with 22 deemed relevant for meta-analysis. We applied a random effects model to estimate the weighted pooled prevalence along with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results were reported in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Our main analysis contained 15 006 individuals with PBC from 22 studies. Among these, 286 (1.9%; 286/15174) had a CeD diagnosis yielding a pooled prevalence of 1.71% (95% CI: 1.08-2.44). When restricting the analysis to 15 studies with biopsy-confirmed CeD, the pooled prevalence was 1.53% (95% CI: 0.51-2.91). This prevalence is comparable to the serology-based prevalence of CeD, of around 1%, in the general population. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of CeD in PBC is similar to that observed in the general population. These findings do not support routine screening for CeD in individuals with PBC.
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