ArticleSexual medicine2025
Association between repeat number polymorphisms of sex hormone-related genes and gender phenotype variations in university students.
Article in Sexual medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Although common repeat number polymorphisms in 3 hormone-related genes ( Aim: To clarify the possible association between the repeat number polymorphisms and gender phenotype variations in the general population. Methods: We used paper-based questionnaires to select 80 individuals with atypical gender phenotypes (the case group) and 114 control individuals (the control group) from 736 university students. The case group was further divided into two subgroups: one consisted of individuals with low GI scores (the atypical GI subgroup), and the other consisted of individuals with non-heterosexual orientation (the atypical SO subgroup). Repeat numbers of the longer and shorter alleles in each participant (Alleles 1 and 2) were examined through microsatellite analysis. Repeat numbers of Outcomes: We examined the statistical differences in the repeat numbers between the case and control groups, and between each subgroup and the control group. Results: The overall differences between the case and control groups and between each subgroup and the control group were small. However, the repeat numbers of Clinical Implications: These results indicate the complex genetic basis of gender phenotype variations. Strengths & Limitations: This is the first study that addresses the possible association between common polymorphisms in hormone-related genes and gender phenotypes in the general population. Given the small number of our subjects and the modest differences in the repeat numbers between the case and control groups, our results await further validation. Conclusion: The results indicate that the contribution of repeat number polymorphisms of the 3 genes to gender phenotype variations in the general population is small, although the repeat numbers of
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