ArticleCureus2025
Grinspan Syndrome Associated With Pemphigus Vulgaris Induced by COVID-19 Vaccination.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Grinspan syndrome (GS) is characterized by the association of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and lichen planus. It remains enigmatic to determine whether this represents a distinct pathology or if it is a lichenoid reaction secondary to the use of medications for treating hypertension and diabetes. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common mucocutaneous disease that can affect the skin, mucous membranes, or both. An association with pemphigus vulgaris remains exceptional. We describe a rare case of GS associated with pemphigus vulgaris induced by COVID-19 vaccination. An 80-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular hypertension was admitted to our department for bullous dermatosis.
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