ArticleArthritis care & research2026
Virtual or In-Person: Does It Matter? Comparing Pain, Function, Quality of Life, Self-Efficacy, and Physical Function Outcomes of Virtual, Hybrid, and In-Person Education and Exercise Program Participants.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to determine if program format (in-person, virtual, or hybrid) results in differences in 3-month outcomes of pain, function, quality of life, self-efficacy, and chair stands in a hip/knee osteoarthritis-management program.
methodsA secondary analysis of the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D) Canada database was completed. Multiple linear regression was completed for pain and function, analysis of covariance for quality of life and self-efficacy, and negative binomial regression to analyze chair stands. Outcome measures included the 12-item Knee/Hip Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (pain, quality of life, and physical function subscales), Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (self-efficacy), and 30-second chair stand test. Models were adjusted for different covariates.
resultsThe analyses included 5,062 individuals with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis who completed the program between January 2019 and March 2024 (76.7% female sex, mean age 67.27 years, mean body mass index 29.51 kg/m
conclusionThe GLA:D Canada program appears effective in virtual, hybrid, and in-person formats. With the known barriers of strictly in-person formats, these results provide further support for the research and implementation of virtual and hybrid approaches for helping individuals manage osteoarthritis.
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