Observational studyBMC gastroenterology2025
Gluten-free diet adherence patterns and health outcomes in celiac disease: a retrospective observational study.
Observational study in BMC gastroenterology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quality of Life and Gluten-Free Diet Adherence in Adult Patients with Celiac Disease: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Celiac Disease and the Nervous System: A Comprehensive Overview of Neurological Manifestations and Underlying Mechanisms.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Large Language Models in Providing Evidence-Based Patient Education for Celiac Disease: A Comparative Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Living Gluten-Free in Romania: A National Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary Adherence in Clinically Diagnosed and Self-Reported Cases.Nutrients · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCeliac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder, causing significant gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI symptoms. The only effective treatment is a gluten-free diet (GFD), but adherence can be challenging. This study investigates GFD adherence among CeD patients and the change in their clinical and pathological conditions over time.
methodsA telephone-based retrospective observational analysis conducted between November 2022 and June 2023 enrolled 300 participants with confirmed CeD, selected via systematic sampling from an initial cohort of 1,268 individuals. A comprehensive questionnaire assessed demographics, clinical symptoms, and GFD adherence. Participants were categorized into short/meidum-term (≤ 6 months), long-term (6-24 months), and very long-term (≥ 24 months) GFD adherence groups. All statistical analyses were conducted using R (version 4.3.1), employing a variety of packages tailored for descriptive and inferential statistics.
resultsParticipants' mean age was 41.58 (± 12.37) years, with females constituting 73.67% (n = 221/300). GFD adherence was assessed, revealing that 55.33% (n = 166/300) of patients adhered strictly to the diet, while 28.33% (n = 85/300) experienced worsening adherence over time (p = 0.001). Significant improvements were observed in GI and non-GI symptoms across disease duration, with abdominal pain absence increasing from 71.2 to 84.9% (p < 0.01), and depression absence improving from 63.6 to 89.6% (p < 0.001). Additionally, laboratory values such as VitD and HCT showed improvement (p < 0.05), while the comorbidity burden decreased significantly (p = 0.001).
conclusionsEnhanced patient support, including dietary and mental health resources, is vital for improving outcomes in CeD patients. Further research should explore barriers to adherence and the psychosocial effects of living with CeD.
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