Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40826187›Full record

ArticleNature nanotechnology2025

Acoustically activatable liposomes as a translational nanotechnology for site-targeted drug delivery and noninvasive neuromodulation.

Mahaveer P Purohit, Brenda J Yu, Kanchan Sinha Roy, Yun Xiang, Sedona N Ewbank, Matine M Azadian, Alex R Hart, Gabriella P B Muwanga, Payton J Martinez, Jeffrey B Wang and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Ultrasound-responsive liposomes: A mechanistic framework to decode the effects of acoustic parameters.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  9. Smart Nanotechnologies for Multimodal Neuromodulation and Brain Interfacing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Mahaveer P Purohit *Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-6545
Brenda J Yu *Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8304-9851
Kanchan Sinha Roy *Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7726-6788
Yun Xiang *Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8601-9324
Sedona N EwbankDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6985-1431
Matine M AzadianDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Alex R HartDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6191-9430
Gabriella P B MuwangaDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-2808
Payton J MartinezDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2634-9502
Jeffrey B WangDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8933-9822
Ali K TaoubeDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-3049-7280
Eric MarkarianDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-6577
Nicholas MacedoDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Audrey K KwanDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-0867-3591
Diego Gomez LopezDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Raag D AiranDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. rairan@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-5606

Funding

Training Program in Basic NeuroscienceT32MH020016 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Justin L Gardner, Merritt C Maduke · 1997 to 2026
$16.2M
Clinical Translation of Ultrasonic Ketamine Uncaging for Non-Opioid Therapy of Chronic PainUG3NS115637 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Raag D Airan, Boris Dov Heifets · 2019 to 2026
$8.0M
Clinical Translation of Targeted and Noninvasive Ultrasonic Propofol UncagingUG3NS114438 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI AIRAN, RAAG D · 2021 to 2021
$3.8M
Noninvasive neuromodulation via focused ultrasonic drug uncagingRF1MH114252 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI AIRAN, RAAG D · 2017 to 2017
$1.6M
Ford Foundation Predoctoral FellowshipNIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH114252NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH020016NINDS NIH HHS UG3 NS114438NINDS NIH HHS UG3 NS115637NSF | Directorate for Education & Human Resources | Division of Graduate Education (DGE) Graduate Research FellowshipU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) RF1MH114252U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Diversity Supplement to UG3NS115637U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) UG3NS114438U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) UG3NS115637
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stimulus-responsive drug delivery nanotechnologies promise noninvasive activation of the right drug at the right place at the right time. However, these systems often incorporate non-validated pharmaceutical excipients and other features that limit their clinical translation. Here we engineer the responsiveness of liposomes to a pulsed, low-intensity ultrasound activating stimulus by incorporating a generally regarded as safe excipient that alters the acoustic properties of the liposome core medium. We show that this approach permits loading and ultrasound-induced release of four drugs in vitro. We then leverage this performance to enable drug-mediated noninvasive neuromodulation of each of the central and the peripheral nervous system in vivo. These acoustically activatable liposomes formulated with common and validated pharmaceutical excipients and production processes provide a versatile system for stimulus-responsive site-targeted drug delivery and noninvasive neuromodulation, with high clinical translation potential.

Indexed as

AcousticsDrug Delivery SystemsLiposomesNanotechnologyAnimalsHumansMiceLiposomes

Identifiers

PMID40826187
PMCPMC12623235

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.