ArticleBMC public health2025
Rural-urban disparities in tobacco use among middle aged and elderly Indian adults: a multivariate decomposition analysis.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Understanding Gender Gaps in Tobacco Consumption among Middle-Aged and Elderly Indians: Decomposition Analysis of LASI 2017-18.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Harnessing the World Health Organization's '3 by 35' Initiative to Finance Oral Health Care in India.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in any tobacco use versus current smoking across 66 DHS countries: Indirect implications for smokeless tobacco and oral cancer prevention.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and predictors of tobacco use among older people in Eastern Nepal: a community-based study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Decomposing Oral Cancer Screening Inequalities Across Wealth Index among Indian Women Aged 30-49 Years: Findings From National Family Health Survey-5.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
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Abstract
backgroundGlobally, rural areas have a higher prevalence of tobacco consumption compared to urban areas. The reasons for this are poorly known but include individual, demographic, socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors. Among middle aged and elderly individuals in India, we estimated the rural-urban disparities in current smoked and smokeless tobacco use and conducted a decomposition analysis to identify the underlying determinates that contributed to the disparities.
methodsData from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, wave 1 (2017-18) of adults aged more than 45 years was utilised in this analysis. The weighted prevalence of current tobacco use was estimated. Inequalities in tobacco consumption were disaggregated as per wealth index using the concentration index. Multivariate decomposition analysis was conducted to determine the extent to which different determinants of tobacco use (explanatory variables) contributed to rural-urban disparities in tobacco consumption (outcome variable). p < 0.05 was considered significant.
resultsThe weighted prevalence of smoked tobacco use was 13.10% (95% CI: 9.35-18.05%) across India with a rural-urban absolute difference of 7.32%. The weighted prevalence of smokeless tobacco use was 20.43% (95% CI: 15.75-26.06%) with a rural-urban absolute difference of 10.79%. Smoked and smokeless tobacco consumption was concentrated among the poor with concentration indices of -0.01 and -0.07 respectively. Differences in the distribution of the determinants accounted for 59.36% of the difference in smoked tobacco consumption and 57.82% of the difference in smokeless tobacco consumption in rural and urban areas. For smoked tobacco, differences in educational status (41.30%), gender (7.25%) and caste (6.04%) were key contributors to the difference, while for smokeless tobacco, region of domicile (22.17%), educational status (20.08%) and occupational status (9.28%) contributed the most.
conclusionTobacco use was found to be more prevalent in rural than urban areas and among the poorer wealth quintiles. Differences in the prevalence of various socio-economic and cultural factors were found to contribute to the rural-urban differences in tobacco consumption.
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