Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40825773›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Noncanonical roles of chemokine regions in CCR9 activation revealed by structural modeling and mutational mapping.

Inês De Magalhaes Pinheiro, John R D Dawson, Nicolas Calo, Marianne Paolini-Bertrand, Kalyana Bharati Akondi, Gavin Tan, Tracy M Handel, Irina Kufareva, Oliver Hartley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Atypical GPCR Activation Resolved by Nanobody Engineering.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Inês De Magalhaes Pinheiro *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
John R D Dawson *Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nicolas CaloDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0897-4091
Marianne Paolini-BertrandDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Kalyana Bharati Akondi *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Gavin TanSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Tracy M HandelSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-6138
Irina KufarevaSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. ikufareva@ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-7039
Oliver HartleyDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. oliver.hartley@unige.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2283-8379

Funding

It's a tug of war: structure, consequences, and inhibition of CXCR4 and ACKR3 responses to lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL12R01AI161880 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI HANDEL, TRACY M, KUFAREVA, IRINA · 2021 to 2025
$3.4M
Signaling circuits that drive cell movement and ligand scavenging by chemokine receptor CCR2R01GM136202 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI HANDEL, TRACY M, KUFAREVA, IRINA · 2020 to 2023
$1.9M
Spatiotemporally resolved architecture of G protein signaling downstream of CXCR4, the driver of lymphocyte migrationR21AI156662 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KUFAREVA, IRINA · 2021 to 2022
$434k
Computationally informed discovery of scavenging-sparing inhibitors of CC chemokine receptor 2R21AI149369 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KUFAREVA, IRINA · 2020 to 2021
$434k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI161880NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI149369NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI156662NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM136202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CCR9 plays a major role in inflammatory bowel disease and is implicated in cancer. Despite its therapeutic relevance, the mechanism by which CCR9 is activated by its endogenous chemokine CCL25 remains poorly understood. Here, we combine structural modeling with multimodal pharmacological analysis of CCR9 mutants to map the CCR9-CCL25 interface and delineate key determinants of binding, G protein versus arrestin signaling, and constitutive activity. We show that unlike other chemokines which drive receptor activation through their N-termini, CCL25 activates CCR9 via a distinct region, its 30s loop. Supporting this non-canonical mechanism, CCR9 signaling tolerates alanine mutations in the CCL25 N-terminus but is strongly affected by 30s loop modifications. Engineered N-terminally modified CCL25 analogs remain full agonists, consistent with signaling determinants lying outside the N-terminus. This non-canonical activation signature provides insights for CCR9 drug discovery and may inform structure-based design for other chemokine receptors.

Indexed as

Chemokines, CCReceptors, CCRHEK293 CellsHumansModels, MolecularMutationProtein BindingSignal TransductionCC chemokine receptor 9CCL25 protein, humanChemokines, CCReceptors, CCR

Identifiers

PMID40825773
PMCPMC12361432

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.