Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40825460›Full record

ArticleChemico-biological interactions2025

Nanodiamond mediated delivery of pyridinium oxime antidotes to central nervous system for potential treatment of exposure to nerve agents.

Denys Bondar, Olga Smirnova, Nandish M Nagappa, Ivo Heinmaa, Ondrej Soukup, Tereza Kobrlova, Jakub Opravil, Martina Hrabinova, Daniel Jun, Pavel Starkov and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Chemico-biological interactions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. From Mechanisms to Materials: Oximate Reactivity and Emerging Strategies for Organophosphate Detoxification.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026
    Review
  2. Structure-Reactivity Relationships inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Denys BondarDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 15 Akadeemia Rd., 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
Olga SmirnovaDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 15 Akadeemia Rd., 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
Nandish M NagappaDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 15 Akadeemia Rd., 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
Ivo HeinmaaNational Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 23 Akadeemia Rd., 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
Ondrej SoukupBiomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 581 Sokolska, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defense, 1575 Trebesska, 50001, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Tereza KobrlovaBiomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 581 Sokolska, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Jakub OpravilDepartment of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defense, 1575 Trebesska, 50001, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Martina HrabinovaDepartment of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defense, 1575 Trebesska, 50001, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Daniel JunDepartment of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defense, 1575 Trebesska, 50001, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Pavel StarkovDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 15 Akadeemia Rd., 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
Pirjo SpuulDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 15 Akadeemia Rd., 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
Kamil KučaCentre for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 62 Rokitanskeho, 50 003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Vadym N MochalinDepartment of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA. Electronic address: mochalinv@mst.edu.
Yevgen KarpichevDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 15 Akadeemia Rd., 12618, Tallinn, Estonia. Electronic address: yevgen.karpichev@taltech.ee.

Funding

Enhancing ocular uptake of thiol antioxidants with nanodiamondsR15EY029813 · NEI · MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY · PI ERCAL, NURAN, MOCHALIN, VADYM · 2019 to 2019
$388k
NEI NIH HHS R15 EY029813
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Currently available antidotes against toxic organophosphorus compounds suffer from poor permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and due to this, are limited in their ability to restore the inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the central nervous system (CNS). We designed functionalized detonation nanodiamond nanocarrier platforms to transport quaternary oxime antidotes into CNS. We showed that the nanodiamonds with covalently attached 4-oximinopyridinium moiety, cross the layer of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, the surrogate BBB model, and demonstrate a dose-independent reactivation in vitro towards human AChE inhibited by nerve agents GB and VX, and pesticide paraoxon. Confocal microscopy visualization of tight junctions and actin cytoskeleton in MDCK and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) revealed temporary disruption of tight junctions at higher nanoparticle concentrations without compromising cell viability or cytoskeletal integrity. Although reactivation was modest, the nanodiamond platform showed promise for delivering quaternary oxime to the central nervous system (CNS) in vitro. The results reveal the potential of detonation nanodiamonds as a promising delivery platform for charged therapeutic agents to CNS aimed to enhance treatment outcomes in organophosphorus poisoning.

Indexed as

AntidotesCentral Nervous SystemNanodiamondsNerve AgentsOximesPyridinium CompoundsAcetylcholinesteraseAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierCell SurvivalCholinesterase InhibitorsDogsHumansHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsMadin Darby Canine Kidney CellsAcetylcholinesteraseAntidotesCholinesterase InhibitorsNanodiamondsNerve AgentsOximesPyridinium CompoundsAcetylcholinesterase reactivatorsBlood-brain barrierCentral nervous systemNanodiamondsOrganophosphorus toxicantsOximes

Identifiers

PMID40825460
PMCPMC12777654

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.