ArticleEuropean journal of dentistry2026
Evaluation of Salivary and Serum BAFF and TWEAK Levels in Patients with Thalassemia Major and Gingival Inflammation: An Observational Case-Control Study.
Article in European journal of dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Limited research has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between periodontal parameters, systemic biomarkers, and thalassemia major (TM) concerning gingival inflammation. This study aims to assess the potential association of B cell activating factor (BAFF) and tumor necrosis factor weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) with periodontal parameters in patients diagnosed with TM and gingivitis, compared with their healthy counterparts. Materials and Methods: The current study involved 101 participants aged 18 to 35 years; each subject completed a preliminary assessment to ascertain their eligibility for recruitment. Periodontal parameters were recorded, including the following indices: plaque index, bleeding on probing, and the Oral Hygiene Simplified Index (OHS-I-calculus index). The concentrations of BAFF and TWEAK in saliva and serum were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical Analysis: The Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed for comparisons, with the Dunn-Bonferroni Results: Both biomarkers were detected in all subjects, with a significant difference in their levels between the groups. Additionally, significant correlations were found between the levels of TWEAK and BAFF and periodontal indices ( Conclusion: The findings demonstrate a possible correlation between elevated salivary and serum levels of BAFF and TWEAK and the presence of TM and gingival inflammation, suggesting that these biomarkers may reflect systemic immune alterations in TM in the presence of gingival inflammation.
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