ArticleInternational forum of allergy & rhinology2025
Moving Beyond Odor Identification: Defining Olfactory Subdomain Cutoffs in Frailty Risk Assessment.
Article in International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionPrevious studies suggest a relationship between olfactory impairment and frailty but have focused on odor identification (I), potentially overlooking odor threshold sensitivity (T), and discrimination (D). Our objective was to characterize the relationship between olfactory subcomponents and frailty status by establishing optimal thresholds for these measures.
methodsWe conducted a prospective study assessing frailty using the physical frailty phenotype and olfactory function using the Sniffin' Sticks Test in older adults. T, D, I (range 0-16 for each) and the composite threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score (range -0 to 48) were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis and area under the curve (AUC) measures.
resultsThis study included 103 participants, with a mean age of 82.8 ± 5 years, 56% (n = 58) female, and 89% (n = 92) white. Frail participants had significantly lower T (8.5 ± 3.3 vs. 4.4 ± 3.0), D (11.4 ± 2.0 vs. 8.1 ± 2.5), I (11.9 ± 2.4 vs. 9.2 ± 2.9), and TDI scores (31.9 ± 5.9 vs. 21.7 ± 6.6) compared to non-frail individuals (p < 0.001 for all). TDI demonstrated the strongest ability to distinguish between frail and non-frail participants (AUC = 0.86), followed by D (AUC = 0.85), T (AUC = 0.82), and I (AUC = 0.78). The optimal cutoff for D was a score of 10, yielding a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 88%. Cutoff values were also established for T (score = 6), I (score = 12), and TDI (score = 29).
conclusionIdentified cutoff values may enhance risk stratification and inform clinical interventions. Across subdomains, discrimination scores may yield more information than identification. Additional studies in larger samples will be necessary to investigate subdomain differences.
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