Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40825016›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Environmental sources of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex in Kampala, Uganda: A preliminary study.

Beatrice Achan, Abel Wembabazi, Tonny Luggya, Innocent Robert Ebwongu, Benson Musinguzi, Herbert Itabangi, Henry Kajumbula, David Meya

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Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Beatrice AchanDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-5429
Abel WembabaziDepartment of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Tonny LuggyaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Innocent Robert EbwonguDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Benson MusinguziDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-4617
Herbert ItabangiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.
Henry KajumbulaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
David MeyaDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe aimed to determine the environmental sources of C. neoformans and C. gattii species complexes in Uganda.

methodsOne hundred fifty (n = 150) environmental specimens of chicken droppings, marabou stork bird droppings and eucalyptus tree barks in Uganda were examined phenotypically. The specimens were grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar and the colonies examined by India ink microscopy, urea hydrolysis and formation of blue colonies on chromogenic L-Canavanine glycine blue bromothymol blue agar of C. gattii species complex.

resultsThe prevalence of C. neoformans species complex was 4% (6/150). Of the positive environmental samples from which C. neoformans species complex were isolated; the predominant source was marabou stork droppings; 8% (2/25) followed by eucalyptus tree barks; 3.96% (4/101). However, there was no Cryptococcus gattii species complex; 0% (0/150).

conclusionIn Uganda, the environmental sources of C. neoformans species complex are marabou stork droppings and eucalyptus tree barks, however, there seems to be no Cryptococcus gattii species complex.

Indexed as

Cryptococcus neoformansEnvironmental MicrobiologyAnimalsBirdsChickensCryptococcus gattiiEucalyptusFecesPlant BarkUganda

Identifiers

PMID40825016
PMCPMC12360506

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.