ArticleJAMA internal medicine2025
Changes in Medicare Part D Plan Designs After the Inflation Reduction Act.
Article in JAMA internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Out-of-Pocket Payments Among Medicare Beneficiaries Who Reached the Inflation Reduction Act's Part D Spending Cap.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- Medication Adherence Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Cardiovascular Conditions After the 2024 Inflation Reduction Act Provisions.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Changes in Medication Use After Medicare Part D Annual Out-of-Pocket Spending Caps.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- Challenges of the Inflation Reduction Act for long-term care pharmacy: Examining impact and policy solutions.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- The changing Part D landscape.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Out-of-Pocket Spending for Biologic Drugs After Biosimilar Competition for Medicare Patients.JAMA network open · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) included several changes to Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage effective in 2024 and 2025, including a $2000 annual out-of-pocket limit and the shifting of spending from the government to plan sponsors. Federal policies prevented premium increases in 2025, but Part D plans may have responded by increasing deductibles or medication cost sharing. Objective: To measure annual changes in Medicare Part D premiums, deductibles, and cost sharing from 2019 to 2025. Design, Setting, and Participants: This serial cross-sectional study included 2019 to 2025 data for enrollees in Medicare Part D stand-alone and Medicare Advantage plans. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes were mean monthly premiums and annual deductibles, as well as the proportion of enrollees with coinsurance (vs co-payments) for medications in different formulary tiers. To illustrate changes, mean monthly out-of-pocket costs were estimated for 9 high-spending, nonspecialty, brand-name medications. Results were weighted by plan enrollment and stratified by stand-alone vs Medicare Advantage plans. Results: For Medicare Advantage plans, mean deductibles decreased from $153 in 2019 to $66 in 2024, then increased to $228 in 2025. The proportion of Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with coinsurance for preferred brand-name drugs ranged from 0.8% to 2.5% from 2019 to 2024 and increased to 27.7% in 2025. For 9 high-spending, nonspecialty, brand-name drugs, mean monthly out-of-pocket costs ranged from $46 to $55 from 2019 to 2024 and increased to $73 in 2025. In stand-alone plans, changes were observed before and after implementation of the IRA: mean deductibles increased steadily from $295 in 2019 to $490 in 2025, and the proportion of beneficiaries with coinsurance for preferred brand-name drugs increased from 21.9% to 84.0%. Cost sharing for the 9 drugs increased steadily from $62 in 2019 to $108 in 2025 in stand-alone plans. Premiums for both plan types decreased throughout the study period. Conclusions and Relevance: This cross-sectional study demonstrates that as the IRA's changes to Part D were implemented in 2024 to 2025, there were concurrent changes in plan design that may increase cost sharing, particularly for beneficiaries who do not spend more than the $2000 annual out-of-pocket limit and for those in Medicare Advantage plans. Additional policies may be needed to address cost sharing and ensure the affordability of essential medications covered by Medicare Part D.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.